新阶段化肥减量增效战略研究

我国农业生产中化肥过量施用问题较为普遍，肥料利用率不高、资源浪费、环境污染等问题时有发生。“十三五”期间国家开展了化肥减量增效行动计划，取得了积极成效，在生产层面实现了化肥消费总量负增长，但化肥绿色增效的基础理论研究与技术创新不足，推广应用覆盖面不够，政策法规仍有待完善。当前我国化肥减量增效工作步入了全面攻坚期，本文调查分析了国际化肥减量增效的经验，总结了我国前期化肥减量增效工作取得的成效和存在问题，结合我国具体国情农情，以“精准、高效、绿色、智能”为指导原则，提出了新阶段全面推进化肥减量增效的战略导向和具体举措建议，为保障国家粮食安全和生态环境安全提供科技支撑。

Strategic researches of reducing fertilizer use and increasing use efficiency in China in the new era

In China’s agricultural production, excessive fertilization is common, fertilizer use efficiency is relatively low, with varying degree of resource waste and environmental pollution. A series of action plans have been promoted by the Chinese government for reducing chemical fertilizer use and improving the use efficiency, and basically achieved the goal of “the Action Plan for Zero Growth in Fertilizer Use” during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. However, the theoretical research and technical innovations are still insufficient for the efficient and environment-friendly application of chemical fertilizers. Hence, the extension and demonstration of new technologies are fully ongoing across the whole country, and the relative policies and regulations are still evolving. Now, the action of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in China has entered a critical period. Compared with the successful international experiences, we summarized the achievements and gaps in previous works on fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in China. Following the national strategic guidance and great specific action plans for the promotion of fertilizer reduction and use efficiency increase in the new era, adhering to the principles of “Precision, Efficiency, Green and Intelligence”, and full consideration of the specific agricultural conditions of China, we proposed strategic suggestions for the realization of the goals of national food security and ecological environment security.