褪黑素的生物合成及对繁殖性能的影响

褪黑素是一种广泛存在于动物体内的激素,不仅能够调节动物昼夜节律,还能够从多方面影响动物的繁殖性能,对于季节性繁殖动物,褪黑素根据日照时长的变化表现出抑制或促进繁殖性能的作用。对于幼年动物,褪黑素表现出抑制发情的作用,体成熟后则表现促进发情的作用。褪黑素主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控动物繁殖活动,除此之外,褪黑素还能够直接作用于生殖系统甚至早期胚胎,通过提高组织及细胞抗炎及抗氧化功能来改善动物繁殖性能。目前,褪黑素能够用于治疗精神疾病及炎症、促进畜禽繁殖和调节昼夜节律,是相关研究领域的热门话题。本文详细描述了褪黑素的生物合成以及分泌调控,并结合褪黑素的生理功能,阐述了对动物繁殖性能以及辅助生殖的影响。

Melatonin Biosynthesis and its Effect on Reproductive Performance

Melatonin is a hormone that widely exists in animals. It can not only regulate the circadian rhythm of animals,but also affect the reproductive performance of animals in many ways. For seasonal breeding animals,melatonin shows the effect of inhibiting or promoting reproductive performance according to the change of sunshine duration. In young animals, melatonin inhibits estrus,while it promotes estrus after maturation. Melatonin mainly regulates animal reproductive activity through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In addition, melatonin can also directly act on the reproductive system and even the early embryo to improve animal reproductive performance by improving the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions of tissues and cells. At present,melatonin can be used to treat mental diseases and inflammation, promote animal reproduction,and regulate circadian rhythm,which is a hot topic in related research fields. In this review,the biosynthesis and secretion regulation of melatonin were described in detail. Combined with the physiological functions of melatonin,the effects of melatonin on animal reproductive performance and assisted reproduction were elaborated.