转基因抗草甘膦大豆叶片降解对土壤微环境的影响

转基因作物具有良好的商业价值和优良的性状品质，为世界带来了巨大经济效益与社会效益，但转基因产品存在未知的环境风险使其安全性颇具争议，对其进行相关研究必不可少。以转入G2-EPSPS和GAT双价基因抗草甘膦大豆GE-J12、受体Jack、常规主栽品种ZH37为研究对象，利用生物试验的方法，于2018―2020连续3年跟踪调查分别埋有3种大豆叶片的土壤中可培养微生物数量及土壤酶活性变化，旨在明确转基因抗草甘膦大豆叶片在土壤降解过程的土壤环境安全性。结果表明：（1）以2019年测定结果为例，从整个90 d的调查期来看，同一年份3种大豆叶片在土壤中降解过程中真菌、放线菌和细菌数量变化趋势相似，无显著性差异；3个处理对土壤脱氢酶、土壤脲酶、土壤蔗糖酶影响也相似，仅在处理后10 d,GE-J12的土壤蔗糖酶活性显著低于ZH37，但与受体Jack相比无显著性差异，且该差异并不会在整个调查期持续出现。（2）不同年份转基因大豆叶片在土壤中降解过程中土壤真菌、放线菌和细菌数量，土壤脱氢酶、土壤脲酶和土壤蔗糖酶活性变化趋势相似，并没有发生数量或活性值突然骤增或骤降的现象。从整体上看，2018年的微生物数量高...

Effects of Degraded Leaves of Transgenic Glyphosate-resistant Soybean on the Soil Microenvironment

Transgenic crops with good commercial value and excellent trait quality have brought great economic and social benefits to the world, but the unknown environmental risks associated with transgenic products make their safety controversial, which needs to be determined. Using the glyphosate-resistant soybean GE-J12 transferred with G2-EPSPS and GAT bivalent genes, the recipient Jack, and the conventional main variety ZH37, we examined the number of culturable microorganism species and changes in soil enzyme activities by burying of the leaves of the three soybean varieties in soil from 2018 to 2020. The aim was to clarify the environmental safety of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean leaves in the soil degradation process. The results in 2019 showed that, in the whole 90-day survey period, changes in the species number of fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria during the degradation process of the three varieties of soybean leaves in soil were similar. The activities of soil dehydrogenase, soil urease and soil sucrase were also similar between the three treatments except that the soil sucrase activity of the GE-J12 treatment was significantly lower than that of the ZH37 treatment at 10 days after treatment. Between the years, the species number of the soil fungal, actinomycete and bacterial populations and the activities of soil dehydrogenase, soil urease and soil sucrase generally did not vary greatly, although the number of microorganisms species was higher in 2018 than in 2019 and 2020. The study shows that the degradation of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean GE-J12 leaves in soil under natural conditions causes no significant changes in the soil culturable microbial populations and soil enzyme activities, with the same environmental safety as the recipient Jack and the conventional main cultivar ZH37.