蒙古马全身主要骨骼肌表型谱的构建及比较研究

为探究蒙古马骨骼肌在运动和肉质方面的特点,本研究选取2匹5岁健康未调教的成年公马全身主要骨骼肌52块(2匹×26块)作为研究对象。试验采用石蜡切片、免疫组化、HE染色的方法得到26个部位骨骼肌形态、快慢肌纤维分布情况、肌纤维横截面积。因不同部位骨骼肌存在差异,本研究将肌肉组织分为5组(头颈部、前肢、躯干部、腹壁侧、后肢)分别进行统计。将其中对应的24个部位与前期得到的纯血马骨骼肌快慢肌纤维比例进行分组比对。结果得到蒙古马全身主要骨骼肌的表型谱,其中颈锯肌、冈上肌、臂二头肌、腕桡侧屈肌、腓肠肌、菱形肌、胸腹侧锯肌的慢肌纤维占比较低;腕桡侧伸肌、臂三头肌、背最长肌、臀中肌慢肌纤维占比达70%以上;且慢肌纤维占比与肌纤维横截面积呈负相关。蒙古马骨骼肌慢肌纤维占比基本高于纯血马,前肢、躯干部差异极显著(P<0.01),后肢、腹壁侧差异显著(P<0.05)。其中蒙古马与纯血马在臂三头肌、臀中肌、半膜肌和背最长肌慢肌纤维的差值大于50%。结果表明,蒙古马颈锯肌、冈上肌、臂二头肌、腕桡侧屈肌、腓肠肌、菱形肌、胸腹侧锯肌具有耐力训练的潜力;腕桡侧伸肌、臂三头肌、背最长肌、臀中肌品质好,可为...

Construction and Comparative Study of the Phenotypic Spectrum of the Main Skeletal Muscles Throughout the Mongolian Horse

To explore the characteristics of Mongolian horse skeletal muscle in terms of movement and meat quality, 52 pieces of major skeletal muscle (2×26 pieces) of 2 5-year-old healthy untaught adult stallions were selected as the research objects. Paraffin sections, immunohistochemistry and HE staining were used to obtain skeletal muscle morphology, fast and slow muscle fiber distribution, and average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers of 26 sites. Due to the differences of skeletal muscles at different parts, the muscle tissue was divided into 5 groups (head and neck, forelimbs, trunk, abdominal wall side and hind limbs) for statistics. The corresponding 24 parts were compared with the thoroughpure breds skeletal muscle obtained in the previous studies in the proportion of fast and slow muscle fibers.The results showed that the phenotype spectrum of the main skeletal muscles of Mongolian horses. Among them, the proportion of slow muscle fibers in cervical serratus, supraspinatus, biceps, wrist radial flexor, gastrocnemius, rhomboid muscle and thoracoventrlateral serratus muscle was relatively low. The proportion of slow muscle fibers in wrist radial extensors, triceps brachia, longest dorsal muscle and gluteus mesoamericas accounted for more than 70%; the proportion of slow muscle fibers was negatively correlated with the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. The proportion of slow muscle fibers in Mongolian horse skeletal muscle was basically higher than that in thoroughpure, the difference in forelimbs and trunks were very significant (P<0.01), and the differences in hindlimbs and abdominal wall side were significant (P<0.05). Among them, the difference of the proportion of slow muscle fibers between Mongolian horses and thoroughbred horses in brachial triceps, longest dorsal muscle, gluteus medius and semimembranous muscle were greater than 50%. The results indicate that serratus equinagia, supraspinatus, biceps brachia, flexor carpal radial, gastrocnemius, rhomboid and thoracoventral serratus muscle have the potential for endurance training. The wrist radial extensors, triceps brachia, longus dorsius and gluteus medius have good quality and can be the focus of horse meat development; and the triceps arm, dorsal maximus, gluteus medius and semimembranous muscles can be used as the key muscles of horse athletic performance testing. These results provides a theoretical basis for Mongolian horse sports training and meat quality development.