不同植物免疫诱抗剂对枸杞鲜果产量、抗病性和贮藏能力的差异比较

本文以正常管理6年生的宁杞7号枸杞植株为试材，以叶面喷施杀菌剂和清水为对照，以叶面喷施乙酰水杨酸(ASA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、β-氨基丁酸(BABA)和氨基寡糖素(AOS)4种植物免疫诱抗剂为处理，测定枸杞果实产量、失重率、自然发病率、活性氧代谢和苯丙烷代谢等指标的变化，旨在探明采前叶面喷施植物免疫诱抗剂对枸杞果实产量、抗病性和贮藏能力的影响。结果表明：采前叶面喷施4种植物免疫诱抗剂对枸杞果实均有一定的诱导抗病效果，其中，1 mg·mL^-1 BABA的免疫诱抗效果最佳，与杀菌剂和清水对照相比，诱导21 d可显著(P<0.05)提高果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性，诱导28 d可显著促进总酚和类黄酮等次生代谢产物的积累，诱导14、21、28 d均可显著提高果实产量。在生产中，可从枸杞幼果期开始施用1 mg·mL^-1的BABA,每7 d施用1次，连续喷施5次，诱导21 d,有助于提高枸杞果实的抗病性、产量和品质，有效增强果实采后的贮藏性能。

Comparison of fruit yield,disease resistance and storage ability of Lycium bararum sprayed with different plant immune inducers

In this study, six-year-old Ningqi Ⅶ wolfberry (Lycium bararum) plants under the normal management were used as test materials. Four plant immune inducers, i. e., acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), amino oligosaccharide (AOS) were sprayed on the plant as treatments, and the fungicide and water were used as controls. The changes of fruit yield, weight loss rate, natural infection rate, active oxygen metabolism and phenylpropane metabolism of Ningqi Ⅶ were measured, to explore the effects of spraying different plant immune inducers on the fruit yield, disease resistance and storage ability of Ningqi Ⅶ. The results showed that spraying four kinds of plant immune inducers on the leaves before fruit harvest could induce varied disease resistance of Ningqi Ⅶ. Compared with the fungicide control and water control, 1 mg·mL^-1 BABA exhibited the best immune induction effect. With induction by 1 mg·mL^-1 BABA, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanineammonialyase (PAL) were significantly (P<0.05) increased on the 21^st day, the accumulation of secondary metabolites (total phenols and flavonoids) were significantly promoted on the 28^th day, and the fruit yield was significantly enhanced on the 14^th, 21^st, 28^th day. Therefore, 1 mg·mL^-1 BABA could be sprayed per 7 days and five times continuously from the young fruit stage of wolfberry, and the induction of 21 days could improve the disease resistance and effectively enhance the fruit storage capacity of Ningqi Ⅶ.