国审小麦品种山农20高产稳产、广适性表现及遗传解析

山农20是山东农业大学利用常规育种与分子标记辅助选择育成的多抗、广适、高产且稳产小麦品种，先后通过国家黄淮南片、北片、新疆和甘肃审定。山农20含有长穗偃麦草和美国种质血缘，表现抗病、大穗和大粒等优异农艺性状。通过基因功能标记或与基因紧密连锁的微卫星标记的检测，分析了山农20含有的控制重要农艺性状的关键基因，得出山农20含有Pm2、Pm24和Pm30白粉病抗性基因，在田间表现出较好的白粉病抗性；含有Yr15和Yr26抗条锈基因、Lr21抗叶锈基因和Ses1抗纹枯病基因，在田间表现出较好的条锈病、叶锈病及纹枯病抗性；聚合了控制小麦产量三因素的基因位点，即粒重位点QGw6A-29和QTaGW4B.4、穗粒数位点QGns2B-2、穗长位点QS12D-3、分蘖成穗位点QMtw5D-1和QMtw6A，这与其高产、稳产和广适性是一致的。以上信息为深入认识山农20重要农艺性状分子机理提供了线索，对未来小麦遗传改良中高效利用该品种的重要基因具有实用价值。

Wide Adaptability Performance and Genetic Analysis of National Certified Wheat Variety Shannong 20 with High and Stable Yield

Shannong 20 is a wheat variety with multi-resistance, wide adaptability, high and stable yield, which was bred by conventional breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection by Shandong Agricultural University. Shannong 20 was approved by the National Huanghuai South section, North Section, Xinjiang, and Gansu. Shannong 20 related to Elytrigia Elongata and American germplasm shows excellent agronomic traits such as disease resistance, big spike and big grain. By detecting gene function markers or microsatellite markers closely linked to genes, the key genes controlling important agronomic traits were analyzed, the following results were obtained. Shannong 20 hosted powdery mildew-resistance genes (Pm2, Pm24 and Pm30), contained stripe rust-resistance genes (Yr15 and Yr26), leaf rust-resistance gene Lr21 and sheath blight-resistance gene Ses1, which accounted for its field resistances to stripe, leaf rust, and sheath blight disease. Shannong 20 harbored the gene loci of three factors of wheat yield, such as QGw6A-29 and QTaGW4B.4 for grain weight, QGns2B-2 for kernels per spike, QS12D-3 for spike length, QMtw5D-1 and QMtw6A for tillering and spike formation, which were in accordance with its high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. The study provides valuable information on a wide range of agronomic important genes of Shannong 20, which may facilitate the utilization of it for improving wheat yield and environmental adaptability in further research.