中国政府数据开放成熟度评价指标体系构建与应用研究

[目的/意义]随着中国政府数据开放工作近年来取得了显著成果,对政府开放数据成熟度进行评价能有效推进政府数据体系建设,更好地释放政府数据资源的社会效益,对指导数据政策制定、提升数据开放水平有重要意义。本文旨在构建中国政府数据开放成熟度评价指标体系,为中国政府数据开放评价提供参考和依据。[方法/过程]基于软件能力成熟度模型CMM（Capability Maturity Model）的思想,构建了中国政府数据开放成熟度模型,进而在成熟度模型的基础上构建了中国政府数据开放评价指标体系,运用AHP-熵权的方法计算评价指标体系的组合权重。[结果/结论]政府数据开放成熟度模型包括战略层面、数据层面、技术层面、组织层面、应用层面,等级划分为初始级、文件级、发展级、开放级、优化级5级。构建的评价指标体系包括5个一级指标,11个二级指标,35个三级指标。

Construction and Application of the Evaluation Indicator System of Government Data Openness Maturity in China

[Purpose/Significance] At present, governments at different levels in China are faced with some problems and challenges in opening up government data such as lagging policy legislation, data unable to meet public demand, insufficient platform service function and integration, imperfect data openness innovation mechanism, and a lack of unified management institutions. The purpose of this paper aims at construction of a stage maturity model to build an evaluation indicator system to measure government data openness maturity, It is important for the local government to understand which level of development their open data is at and which areas need to be improved, in order to comprehensively understand and grasp the actual level of local government data openness in China, which is important for strengthening the construction of sunshine government and e-government, optimizing the process of government data openness, and promoting the innovative development of government data openness. [Method/Process] Based on the idea of the software capability maturity model Capability Maturity Model (CMM), the Chinese government data openness maturity model was constructed, and then a data openness evaluation indicator system was also established on the basis of the maturity model. The government data openness maturity model includes strategic level, data level, technical level, organizational level and application level, and the levels are divided into five categories: initial level, document level, development level, open level and optimization level. The evaluation indicator system consists of 5 primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 35 tertiary indicators. The combination weights of the indicators were calculated by using the AHP-entropy weight method. Then, we designed the scoring rules, set the scoring criteria, and scored the four municipalities directly under the central government of China according to the actual situation. [Results/Conclusions] According to the ratings of the four municipalities, Shanghai has a good overall performance, followed by Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing. The municipalities directly under the central government are better in terms of related policies launched, but they are lacking in terms of platform function construction, the degree of perfection of local policies and regulations, and the interaction ability with users, which need to be further strengthened. The open government data evaluation indicator system proposed in this paper needs continuous improvement in terms of indicator selection and scoring criteria. In some aspects, the effect of using one indicator alone may not be satisfactory, and the follow-up study involving more elements will summarize more experiences and collect more experts' opinions in the field of government data openness to further improve the government data openness maturity evaluation indicator system.