关于高能重离子束辐射诱变北方粳稻育种方法的思考

高能重离子束(80 MeV/u)辐射作为一种新的诱变育种技术,已在小麦、甜高粱等作物育种上得到了应用,但在北方粳稻育种领域研发及应用还不多。2013年中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所利用国家大型重离子加速器装置,开展了高能重离子束(¹²C⁶⁺)辐射北方粳稻的诱变育种工作。经过10年的研发,创建了高能重离子束辐射北方粳稻“少而精”诱变育种技术体系。本文对辐射亲本选择、辐射参数确立、后代材料的种植和选择及新品种培育等方面进行了归纳总结,并对辐射亲本的敏感性、M1代材料的天然杂交、高世代材料的“疯狂分离”等方面的问题进行了探讨和思考,期望为今后水稻高能重离子束辐射诱变育种工作提供参考。

Reflections on the Method of Northern Japonica Rice Breeding Using High Energy Heavy Ion Beam Radiation

High energy heavy ion beam （80 MeV/u） radiation, as a new mutation breeding technique, has been applied in wheat, sweet sorghum and other crops, but there is still a gap in the research and application of japonica rice breeding in north China. In 2013, the researchers of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences did a series of work about the northern japonica rice mutagenesis breeding under high-energy heavy ion beam（¹²C⁶⁺）radiation by the national large heavy ion accelerator. After ten years of research and development, we first established the “less but better” mutation breeding technology system of northern japonica rice under high-energy heavy ion beam radiation in China. In this paper, we summarized in detail of radiation parent selection, radiation parameters establishment, progeny materials planting and selection and new varieties breeding, as well as discussed and considered the problems of the sensitivity of radiation parents, natural hybridization of M₁ materials, “crazy separation” of high-generation materials and so on. It is expected to provide a reference for the future breeding of rice induced by high-energy heavy ion beam radiation.