施氮量对北部冬麦区种植弱筋小麦产量与品质的影响

试验于2016-2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行，采用两因素随机区组设计，A因素为弱筋小麦品种扬麦22和扬麦15,B因素为3个施氮量水平180、210、240kg/hm²(底施纯氮105kg/hm²，于拔节期追施剩余氮量)，探究施氮量对北部冬麦区种植弱筋小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明，在施氮量180～240kg/hm²范围内，籽粒产量、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、蛋白质产量及生物产量均随施氮量的增加而提高。随施氮量的增加，蛋白质总量及组分含量呈增加趋势，其中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的增加幅度高于清蛋白和球蛋白，与施氮量180kg/hm²相比，210、240kg/hm²处理谷醇比分别降低0.27和0.41个百分点；容重、硬度和出粉率均表现为扬麦22>扬麦15;2个小麦品种的沉淀值、湿面筋、吸水率、面团形成时间、稳定时间和粉质评价值均随施氮量的增加而增加，平均增幅分别为5.53%、2.54%、0.54%、17.82%、7.07%和14.17%；弱化度随施氮量...

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Quality of Weak Gluten Wheat in Northern Winter Wheat Region

In Beijing experiment base of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a two-factor randomized block design was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen application on the yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat in northern winter wheat regions during 2016-2017. The factor A was weak gluten wheat cultivar (Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15) and the factor B was nitrogen rate (N 180, 210 and 240kg/ha). The results showed that within the nitrogen range of 180-240kg/ha, grain yield, ear number per unit area, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, protein yield and biological yield all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the total protein and contents of its components showed an increasing trend, and the increase of gliadin and glutenin was higher than that of albumin and globulin. Compared with treatment of 180kg/ha, the ratio of gluten to alcohol under 210 and 240kg/ha treatments decreased by 0.27 and 0.41 percentage points, respectively; bulk density, hardness, and flour extraction rate were expressed as Yangmai 22 > Yangmai 15. Sedimentation, wet gluten, water absorption, dough formation time, stable time, and farinograph quality value of the two quality types of wheat all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate with the average increase rates of 5.53%, 2.54%, 0.54%, 17.82%, 7.07% and 14.17%, respectively. The degree of weakening decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the two varieties decreased by 9.65% and 12.00%, respectively. Therefore, comprehensively considering fertilizer input, wheat yield and quality indicators, applying N 180kg/ha to weak gluten wheat in the northern winter wheat regions could obtain higher yield and processing quality.