我国三熟制早熟油菜品种产量构成特点及育种对策

为提高三熟制地区油菜育种效率，本文研究了三熟制地区不同熟性油菜农艺性状对产量的影响。以2016-2020国家冬油菜品种区试中衡阳和宜春地区试验结果为基础数据，利用相关分析及通径分析研究了两个区域的油菜品种产量构成特点。结果发现，中熟组和早熟组株高、有效分枝数、菌核病发病率、病情指数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、密度、全生育期、含油量及产量差异显著。中熟油菜每角粒数、密度、菌核病抗性与产量呈极显著正相关，菌核病发病率、病情指数、生育期与产量极显著负相关，密度对产量的直接影响最大。早熟油菜株高、有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、密度、含油量与产量极显著正相关，菌核病发病率与产量显著负相关；对产量直接影响最大的是有效分枝数。认为育种策略中，两种油菜都应选育抗菌核病和适合高密度种植的品种，中熟油菜应提高单株有效角果数，而早熟油菜要增加有效分枝数。

Analysis of influencing factors on yield of early and middle maturity rapeseed varieties in triple cropping area

In order to improve the breeding efficiency of early maturing rape in triple-cropping system area, the effects of agronomic characters on yield of different maturity stages rape were studied in the paper. National winter rapeseed test results of different maturity stages varieties from 2016 to 2020 in the Henyang and Yichun was used for variance analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. There is significant difference in plant high, effective branch number, sclerotium disease incidence, disease index, effective pod, numbers per spike grain, thousand seed weight, density, whole period, lodging resistance, oil content and yield significant difference between medium rape varieties and early maturity rape varieties. The yield was significantly positive correlation with numbers per spike grain, density, sclerotium disease resistance, but negatively correlation with sclerotium disease incidence, disease index, whole period, and density had the greatest direct impact on yield in medium rape varieties.The yield was significantly positive correlation with plant high, effective branch number, effective pod, numbers per spike grain, density, oil content, but negatively correlation with sclerotium disease incidence rate. The biggest direct impact on yield is effective branch number in early maturity rape varieties. Therefore, In the triple-cropping system area, the varieties suitable for high-density planting should be selected. Medium rape varieties should increase the effective pod numbers, the selection of effective branch number should be strengthened in early maturity rape varieties.