聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂对东北春谷农艺性状、产量及氮素利用的影响

针对东北春谷区肥料全基施背景下氮肥吸收、同化和利用效率低、流失和浪费严重的问题，2020-2021年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验站，以张杂谷13号和华优谷9号为材料，设置裂区试验，聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂（polyaspartic acid-chitosan,PAC）处理为主区，氮肥梯度为副区，探究全基施背景下PAC与常规氮肥配施对东北春谷氮素利用的调控效应和增产增效机制。结果表明，相同施氮量水平下，与常规氮肥处理相比，PAC处理可增加2个谷子品种的株高、茎粗和叶面积指数，改良穗长、穗粗、单穗重和单穗粒重等穗部性状，提高花期和花后植株干物质积累量，提高谷子氮素积累量及氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥表观利用率，最终提高产量。2020年张杂谷13号和华优谷9号增产幅度分别为11.24%～21.55%和5.53%～15.75%,2021年增产幅度分别为8.65%～14.22%和10.43%～16.17%。上述调控效应在中、低氮水平（75.0、112.5、150.0kg/hm2）下效果更为显著。综上所述，PAC配施氮肥可作为一项增产增效的全基施生产技术应用于我国东北春谷区。

Effects of Polyaspartic Acid-Chitosan on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Nitrogen Use of Spring Foxtail Millet

To deal with the problem of low efficiency of nitrogen uptake, assimilation and utilization, and high rate of loss and waste under the background of one-time basic fertilizer application in the northeast China, a split plot experiment was conducted using foxtail millet varieties of Zhangzagu 13 (Z13) and Huayougu 9 (H9) in Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (43o29'55" N, 124o48'43" E) in 2020 and 2021. Polyaspartic acid-chitosan (PAC) and different nitrogen application levels were main plot and secondary plot, respectively. This experiment was to explore the regulation effects of conventional nitrogen with PAC on nitrogen utilization and the mechanism of yield increase of foxtail millet in the northeast China under the background of one-time basic fertilizer application. The results showed that PAC increased plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index, and improved panicle characteristics including panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle weight and grains weight per panicle of two foxtail millet varieties compared with conventional nitrogen treatments under the same nitrogen application level. The dry matter in anthesis and post anthesis were also higher. PAC enhanced plant nitrogen accumulation, partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen, agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen and recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen, and finally increased the yield of two varieties. The yield of Z13 and H9 increased by 11.24%-21.55% and 5.53%-15.75%, respectively in 2020, and 8.65%-14.22% and 10.43%-16.17%, respectively in 2021. The increase effects of the items above were more significant under the low-middle nitrogen application levels (75.0, 112.5 and 150.0kg/ha). In conclusion, PAC combined with nitrogen fertilizer could be an important technique for achieving high grain yield and efficiency under the background of one-time basic fertilizer application in the northeast China.