微量元素对小麦产量品质的影响研究

为探究微量元素钼、锌不同施肥方式对小麦灌浆速率以及产量的影响，为生产中科学配施微量元素提供理论依据，以‘郑麦113’为试验材料，设置不同的锌肥施肥方式和钼肥的施用，分别是：CK：N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10，底追比4:6；Z1：在N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10（底追比4:6）基础上，底施7.5 kg/hm²的钼酸铵；Z2：在N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10（底追比4:6）基础上，底施7.5 kg/hm²的钼酸铵和15 kg/hm²的硫酸锌；Z3：在N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10（底追比4:6）和底施7.5 kg/hm²的钼酸铵的基础上，返青期、拔节期叶面喷施7.5 kg/hm²的硫酸锌；Z4：在N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10（底追比4:6）和底施7.5 kg/hm²的钼酸铵的基础上，灌浆期叶面喷施 7.5 kg/hm²的硫酸锌肥两次（小麦扬花结束后4天喷第一次，隔一周后喷第二次）。分析微量元素钼、锌对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，钼肥的施用，提高了小麦产量、蛋白质含量以及湿面筋含量。其中锌肥作为底肥撒施，提升最明显，提高小麦灌浆速率和产量。施用微量元素可以促进小麦生长发育，达到提质丰产效果。

Effects of Trace Elements on Yield and Quality of Wheat

The study aims to explore the effects of different fertilization methods of trace elements molybdenum and zinc on grain filling rate and yield of wheat, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of trace elements in wheat production. Using ‘Zhengmai 113’ as the experimental material, different zinc fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer application methods were set up, including CK: N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10, base-dressing ratio of 4:6; Z1: ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/ hm² was applied as base fertilizer on the basis of N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6); Z2: ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/hm² and zinc sulfate of 15 kg/hm² were applied as base fertilizers on the basis of N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6); Z3: on the basis of N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6) and ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/hm² as base fertilizer, zinc sulfate of 7.5 kg/hm² was sprayed on the leaves at returning green stage and jointing stage; Z4: on the basis of N15-P₂O₅10-K₂O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6) and ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/hm² as base fertilizer, zinc sulfate fertilizer of 7.5 kg/hm² was sprayed twice at filling stage (the first time was 4 days after the end of flowering, then the second time was one week later). The effects of trace elements molybdenum and zinc on the yield and quality of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that: the application of molybdenum fertilizer could increase wheat yield, protein content and wet gluten content compared with CK. The broadcast application of zinc fertilizer as the base fertilizer could improve the grain filling rate and yield of wheat obviously. The application of trace elements could promote the growth and development of wheat and achieve high quality and high yield in wheat production.