贵州喀斯特地区农民专业合作社发展要素分析

目的]调查分析贵州喀斯特地区农民专业合作社发展的不同要素需求,为农民专业合作社不断完善提供科学依据和指导.方法]选取10个可能对农民专业合作社发展产生影响的要素,运用统计方法对各要素进行综合评价,分析贵州喀斯特地区农民专业合作社对不同层次发展要素的需求状况;利用因子分析法对各要素进行分析,并针对不同层次发展要素需求提出建议.结果]贵州喀斯特地区农民专业合作社对规模化生产、农民组织化及技术人才的需求量比例均维持在50.00%以上(含50.00%),对资金、基础设施、市场营销能力、生产设备和品牌的需求量比例在20.00%~50.00%,对厂房和劳动力的需求量比例只有2.22%.因子分析结果显示,资本影响因子(资金、生产设备、基础设施)、组织影响因子(规模化生产、农民组织化、技术人才)、劳动力影响因子(劳动力、厂房)和品牌影响因子(品牌、市场营销能力)对农民专业合作社发展影响的方差贡献率分别为23.534%、21.568%、16.966%和16.836%,即农民专业合作社对资本影响因子的需求程度最高,其次是组织影响因子和劳动力影响因子,对品牌影响因子的需求程度排名最低.建议]应根据研究区农民专业合作社对发展要素需求的"高、中、低"程度对其进行差异化投入.针对选择高需求发展要素的农民专业合作社,要加强组织动员,强化其社员组织能力,同时加强人员技术培训;针对选择中度需求发展要素的农民专业合作社,要在现有的物质资料基础上强化其市场营销能力和品牌建设力度;针对选择低需求发展要素的农民专业合作社,要做好富余劳动力向新型职业农民的转移.

Factors of development for specialized farmers cooperatives in Guizhou karst area

Objective]The present study investigated factors of development for specialized farmers cooperatives in Gui-zhou karst area in order to provide theoretical and guidelines for development of cooperatives. Method]Ten factors that might affect the development of specialized farmers cooperatives were selected, data statistical method was applied to com-prehensively evaluate these factors. The demandings of cooperatives in Guizhou for different factors of development were analyzed. The factors were further analyzed by factor analysis method. Based on different demands for factors of develop-ment, corresponding suggestions were proposed. Result]The proportion of demands for scale production, organization of farmers and technical telants maintained at over 50.00%(including 50.00%);demands for capital,infrastructure,marketing ability,equipment and brand were 20.00%-50.00%;demands for workshop and labor were only 2.22%. According to factor analysis,variance contribution rate of capital influence factor(capital, equipment,infrastructure) on the development of co-operatives was 23.534%,that of organization influence factor(scale production,organization of farmers,technical talents) was 21.568%,that of labor influence factor(labor,workshop) was 16.966%,that of brand influence factors(brand,market-ing ability) was 16.836%. The results showed that, the demand of specialized farmers cooperatives for capital influence factor was the highest, followed by organization influence factor, labor influence factor and brand influence factor. Con-clusion]Based on high, moderate and low demands on factors of development from specialized farmers cooperatives, the corresponding investments should be differentiated. For the cooperatives with high-demand factors of development, organi-zation of cooperative members, their organization ability and technique training should be strengthened; for the cooperatives with moderate-demand factors of development, marketing ability and brand building on the basis of existing material should be enhanced;for the cooperatives with low-demand factors of development, transfer of surplus labor to new professional farmers should be accomplished.