玉米茎秆耐穿刺强度的倒伏遗传研究

以沈单16和郑单958玉米单交种构成的六世代群体为材料，利用自行设计的玉米茎秆穿刺仪，对玉米地上第三茎节中部椭圆形短轴垂直于茎秆进行穿刺，测定玉米茎秆穿刺阻力。通过P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、BC₁和BC₂ 6个世代联合分析法，以玉米茎秆穿刺阻力为性状，研究控制玉米茎秆倒伏性的基因遗传分离规律。结果表明，该性状在两个单交种的F₂分离世代群体均呈双峰分布，BC₁和BC₂群体分离世代呈多峰分布，说明玉米茎秆耐穿刺性遗传为多基因数量性状控制，且符合一对加-显主基因＋加-显-上位性多基因遗传模型(即D模型)；主基因遗传力为34.5%~45.7%，多基因遗传力41.6%~56.3%，两者在控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺遗传特性上都具有重要作用。这一研究结果为玉米抗倒伏性状的有效选择提供方法和理论依据。

Genetics of Lodging in Tolerance to Maize Stem Puncture

Six generations of maize hybrids from Shendan 16 and Zhengdan 958 were used in the study, the third intemode of maize stem above ground was punctured at the middle part along with the direction of elliptical and short diameter by self-designed maize stem puncture equipment. F_1, F_2, BC_1, BC_2, P_1, and P_2 were used to study the inheritance of maize stem lodg-ing with joint analysis of multiple generations. The results were as follows: maize stem puncture tolerance trait presented a two peak distribution in the F_2 population of two hybrids, and a multi-peak distribution in the BC_1 and BC_2 populations, indicating that the trait was quantitative in nature and controlled by polygene; the inheritance of maize stem puncture tolerance trait fitted the model of a pair of additive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dommance-epitasis polygene (D Model); the major gene heritability was between 34.5% and 45.7%; the polygene heritability was between 41.6% and 56.3%. The effects of major gene and polygene heritability were important on maize stem lodging inheritance, and should be paid more attention in maize breeding.