不同生态修复措施下鲁中山区土壤的水文特征

为探索水土保持生态修复工程对土壤水文物理性质的改良作用,研究了鲁中山区4种生态修复措施对土壤结构、土壤储水量和土壤入渗的影响。研究结果表明：①各种修复措施对土壤水文物理性状都有明显的改善作用。具体表现在：土壤中细粒物质平均提高了9.44%,砂粒降低了9.45%;孔隙数量平均增多1.7%,土壤密度平均减小0.63g.cm-3;土壤储水量平均增加了6.8 mm;土壤稳渗速率平均提高了1.32 mm.min-1。②4种修复措施对土壤物理性状的改良程度不同,改良作用最大的是荒坡造林,其次是疏林补植和梯田封育,最小的是荒坡封禁。③霍顿（Horton）入渗模型和通用经验入渗模型都能较好地反映研究区内4种生态修复措施前后的土壤入渗过程,但霍顿（Horton）入渗模型的结果比通用经验模型的更接近于实测值。

Soil hydrology with four of ecological restoration measures in a mountainous area of central Shandong Province

To improve ecological restoration of soil physical properties, soil hydrology, before and after application of four ecological restoration measures （ afforestation on barren slopes, supplemental plantings on open forest land, prohibiting access to terraced slopes being revegetated, and prohibiting access to barren slopes being revegetated） was studied in central Shandong Province with typical sample plot method for three replication. Then infiltration models including Horton＇s infiltration model, and universal infiltration model were tested to determine the best model. Results showed that with all four restoration measures the average finegrained soil particles increased 9.44%, average sand content was a low 9.45%, soil fractal dimension increased about 1.7% , soil porosity increased 6.8 mm, soil density was a low 0.63 g ·cm-3, soil waterholding increased, and soil infiltration increased about 1.32 mm · min^-1 Improvement was greatest for afforestation on barren slopes, intermediate for both supplemental planting on open forest land and prohibiting access to terraced slopes being revegetated, and lowest with prohibiting access to barren slopes being revegetated. With each ecological restoration type the Horton infiltration model was superior. Ch, 3 fig. 3 tab. 22 ref. ]