氮素穗肥对不同品种稻米品质性状的影响

以4种不同类型的稻米为材料,采用4个不同的氮素穗肥处理,利用黏度分析仪和XRD技术测定其淀粉特性,探索氮素穗肥对稻米品质及淀粉特性的影响。试验结果表明,氮素穗肥对稻米蛋白质、直链淀粉含量、支/直比和胶稠度的影响,品种间存在差异。各品种稻米的黏滞谱曲线随着氮肥的增加均呈整体下降趋势;相对粳稻而言,杂交籼稻和糯稻黏滞谱曲线在不同的氮肥处理下降幅度较小。各品种稻米淀粉的相对结晶度均表现为随氮肥施用量的增加而减小,17和18的两个衍射峰的分离状态逐渐减小。氮素穗肥施用量与稻米品质和淀粉特性关系密切,可通过调控氮素穗肥水平来改善稻米品质。

Effect of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on quality properties of different rice varieties

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on starch characters and quality properties of rice. Four different panicle fertilizer levels were set up, Rapid Visco Analyzer and XRD were used to analyze starch properties of four different rice varieties. The results demonstrated that the effects of Panicle nitrogen fertilizer on protein content, amylose content, rate of amylopectin to amylose content and Gel-consistency differed with rice varieties. Rice RVA profiles (PKV, HPV and CPV) decreased with Panicle nitrogen fertilizer rates. However, RVA profiles of hybrid indica and glutinous rice decreased less than japica. The results also showed that relative crystal rate fell with increasing N rates, with two separate peaks at 17°and 18°gradually being translated into one peak and the height of peak at 18°being increased. The results implied that starch properties and rice qualities were closely related, and proper rate of panicle N-fertilizer could improve rice qualities.