万寿菊花粉活力及柱头可授性研究

为探明造成万寿菊雄性不育系结实率低的原因，对万寿菊花粉活力及柱头可授性进行了研究。采用花粉离体萌发法研究万寿菊自交系V-01花粉萌发适宜温度、花粉活力日变化和适宜贮存条件；用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测万寿菊雄性不育系S-261、S-17-06-29、S-0191不育株柱头的可授性；水溶性苯胺蓝染色法检测花粉在柱头的萌发情况。结果表明：（1）万寿菊V-01适宜萌发温度介于25~30℃之间；V-01花粉活力日变化趋势为先升高后降低，11-13时采集的花粉萌发率最高；4℃干燥贮存是最适宜的花粉贮存条件。（2）万寿菊柱头形态呈‘γ’状时有可授性，可授性可持续3天。（3）万寿菊花粉授粉到柱头上1 h内即可萌发，授粉后2 h，花粉细胞达到花粉管内。

Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Tagetes erecta

In order to investigate the difference among different sterile lines of Tagetes erecta,the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of it was studied in this paper.The pollen germination in vitro was used to select the optimum geminating temperature of the pollen,to observe daily variation of pollen viability and to choose optimum storage condition of marigold V-01 (Tagetes erecta L.) pollen.The stigma receptivity was tested with benzidine-H 2 O 2 method.Aniline blue water soluble staining was for detecting the pollen germination on stigma.The results showed that:(1) 25-30℃ was the best temperature for the pollen germination.The pollen viability increased firstly in the morning,reached the maximum at 11 am to 13 pm and then decreased.4℃ with dry condition was the best pollen storage condition.(2) Stigma with the shape of ’ γ ’ was respectable and could sustain 3 days.(3) Pollen geminated on stigma 1 hour later and pollen cells flew into the pollen tube 2 hours later after the pollination.