直注式秸秆捡拾粉碎深埋机设计与试验

为提升秸秆深埋质量，针对秸秆深埋过程中秸秆捡拾效果差、输送方式单一、输送效率低、深埋率低等问题，提出一种直注式秸秆深埋还田方法，设计了直注式秸秆捡拾粉碎深埋机，阐述了整机结构和工作原理。对关键部件进行了设计分析，设计了无护圈式捡拾装置，分析了捡拾装置各个运动阶段与弹齿的运动轨迹，确定了4个运动阶段所对应的相位角；设计了以运秸螺旋输送器和运秸叶片为主的机械输送装置、以抛秸风叶和运秸导管为主的气力输送装置。对秸秆输送量进行分析，明确了运秸螺旋输送器结构参数，得出了运秸螺旋输送器最低转速；对运秸叶片和抛秸风叶进行了动力学分析，确定了运秸叶片和抛秸风叶结构，明晰了影响秸秆输送效果的关键因素为机具前进速度、运秸螺旋输送器转速、抛秸风叶转速、运秸叶片倾角和抛秸风叶倾角，并确定了影响因素范围。仿真试验结果表明，机具前进速度和运秸螺旋输送器转速存在交互作用，最佳作业参数：机具前进速度为3km/h、运秸螺旋输送器转速为1200r/min和抛秸风叶转速为1600r/min。田间试验结果表明，平均秸秆捡拾率和平均深埋率分别为91.02%，90.03%；运秸导管出口处风速和作业扭矩分别为1.78～26.83m/s、61.55～214.78N·m，各工作部件运行稳定，满足秸秆深埋还田作业要求，为秸秆深埋还田机研发和改进提供了依据。

Design and Experiment of Direct-injection Straw Picking and Crushing Deep Burying Machine

In order to improve the quality of straw deep burial, a direct-injection straw deep burial method was proposed to address the problems of poor straw picking effect, single conveying method, low conveying efficiency, and low deep burial rate during the straw deep burial process. A direct injection straw picking, crushing, and deep burial machine was designed, and the overall structure and working principle were explained. Design and analysis were conducted on key components, and a nonprotective ring-type pickup device was designed. The movement stages of the pickup device and the trajectory of the tines were analyzed, and the phase angles corresponding to the four-movement stages were determined. A mechanical-conveying device consisted of straw conveying screws and blades, and a pneumatic conveying device mainly consisted of straw ejection fan blades and straw conveying ducts. The straw conveying capacity was analyzed, the straw conveying screw’s structural parameters were determined, and the straw conveying screw’s minimum speed was obtained. An analysis of straw conveying blades, straw ejection fan blades, and straw conveying ducts clarified that the key factors affecting straw transport effectiveness were machine forward speed, straw conveying screw rotational speed, straw ejection fan blades rotational speed, angle of straw conveying blades, and angle of straw ejection fan blades. The simulation experiment results showed an interaction between the machine’s forward speed and the rotational speed of the straw conveying screw. The optimal operating parameters were machine forward speed of 3km/h, straw conveying screw rotational speed of 1200r/min, and straw ejection fan blades rotational speed of 1600r/min. Field experiments were conducted on a direct injection straw picking and crushing deep burying machine. The results showed that the average straw picking rate and average deep burying rate were 91.02% and 90.03%, respectively. The range of wind speed and operating torque at the outlet of the straw conveying duct was 1.78~26.83m/s and 61.55~214.78N·m, respectively. All working components operated well, and the operating quality was stable. The experimental results met the design requirements and can achieve the operation of straw-deep burial and returning to the field, providing a basis for developing and improving straw-deep burial and returning machines.