云南烤烟5项化学成分含量与其环境生态要素的关系

基于云南565个植烟点的土壤、烟叶取样测试分析数据和由实测气象站网推算的气象数据，应用分类分级方差对比、相关分析和等级化平滑过滤干扰的要素响应分析三种方法，研究揭示了品种、土壤、气象三因素综合影响下各主要要素对烤烟化学成分含量影响的相对大小；基本明确了云南烟叶中总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量与土壤基本要素、各时段基本气象要素的关系。光、温、水气象条件是影响云南烤烟5项化学成分的主要生态要素；在光、温、水总量基本满足烤烟经济种植需求的前提下，云南烟区光、温、水三要素在大田期间的时段分布和匹配比其大田期总量对烟叶5项成分含量的影响大。云南烤烟大田前期（4—5月）少雨多光照、湿度小、气温较高和日较差大的天气气候，既提高烟叶含糖量又降低烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量；其大田中后期（尤其7—8月）多雨寡照、湿度大、气温偏低和日较差小的气象条件，有相反的影响效应。大田期各月气温与烟叶含糖量呈负相关，对烟碱含量影响不显著；7—8月气温高可提高烟叶总氮和蛋白质含量。土壤因素对烟叶5项成分的影响总体上小于气象因素；烤烟4个优良品种间的烟叶5项成分含量差异不显著。

Relationships between Content of Leading Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves and Ecological Factors in Yunnan Province

Based on the data of the soil and tobacco leaf samples in the 565 site in Yunan Provice,the influence of the tobacco variety,soil and climate conditions on five leading chemical components of tobacco,including the total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine and protein content,were analyzed by using classification variance,correlation analysis and response analysis methods.The results showed that sunlight,air temperature and rainfall during field tobacco growing period were the main elements that affect tobacco chemical components;The temporal distribution and matching for sunshine duration,temperature and rainfall during field tobacco growing period in Yunnan influenced the contents of tobacco chemical components.More sunshine hours,lesser rainfall,higher average temperature and higher temperature differences between day and night in the prophase were propitious to accumulate sugar and to restrain the form of the nicotinamide and protein,while the sugar wastage and transfer decreased and the nitrogen content increased with lesser sunshine hours,more rainfall,lower average temperature and lower temperature differences between day and night in the metaphase and anaphase.The average temperature of each month during field tobacco growing period was negatively related to the sugar content of tobacco,but not significant to nicotine content.The content of total nitrogen and protein increased by the higher air temperature in July and August. The influence of soil conditions on chemical components of tobacco leaves was not significantly as meteorological factor.The differences of chemical components among four tobacco varieties were not remarkable.