祁连山地区岩羊粗毛显微形态特征比较

哺乳动物的毛有保暖、保护身体、散热和感觉震动等功能。换毛是哺乳动物过冬的方式之一,岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)也具有换毛的现象。实验通过对冬、夏季节祁连山地区岩羊粗毛显微形态指标的测量,来对比祁连山地区岩羊不同部位粗毛在冬、夏季节的差异和共性。结果表明,岩羊粗毛髓质发达,除蹄部和腿部外,髓质指数保持在90%以上。此外,推测岩羊粗毛保温性能保持由躯干部向四肢端部递减的趋势,臀部保温性能最佳。腿部和蹄部皮质指数最大,利于提高耐磨性,强化保护功能。为应对寒冷环境,岩羊粗毛横向和纵向同时扩大,髓腔所占比例提高,体现了岩羊不同部位的粗毛对季节变化的适应性。

Comparison of the Micromorphic Feature of the Coarse Hair of Blue Sheep in the Qilian Mountains

The hair of mammals functions in insulation,protecting the body,radiating heat,and feeling vibrations.Molting is one of the ways mammals prepare for winter and blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)also molt.We studied differences and commonness of winter and summer coarse wool from different parts of blue sheep in the Qilian Mountains area by measuring the morphological indexes of coarse wool.The results showed that the coarse wool medulla of blue sheep is well developed,and the medulla index was over 90%except for wool on the hoof and leg.The thermal insulation performance of coarse wool declined from the torso to the extremities,and the performance on hips was highest.The cortical index of coarse wool on legs and hooves was highest,which yielded greater durability mainly for protection.To cope with the cold environment,the coarse wool of blue sheep was elongated and thickened,and the proportion of the medullary cavity was increased,showing that the coarse wool of blue sheep was adapted to changing seasons.