口蹄疫病毒利用自身蛋白逃逸宿主天然免疫应答的研究进展

口蹄疫（foot-and-mouth disease，FMD）是由口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus，FMDV）感染偶蹄兽所引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病，FMDV有7个血清型，加之病毒传播迅速，严重影响畜牧业的发展。FMDV为小RNA病毒科、口蹄疫病毒属的唯一成员，其基因组编码4种结构蛋白和10种非结构蛋白。FMDV感染宿主后利用自身蛋白通过多种途径和方式来影响宿主天然免疫应答，从而有利于FMDV复制的微环境。这些策略包括FMDV参与细胞自噬、内质网应激和应激颗粒形成的细胞过程，破坏多种宿主蛋白的功能，如劫持、裂解宿主蛋白或干扰宿主蛋白的表达、去除宿主蛋白的泛素化以及抑制宿主蛋白的磷酸化。这些逃避天然免疫的策略也是目前研究的热点。基于现有的研究结果，作者总结了近几年FMDV蛋白在抑制宿主天然免疫方面的研究进展，以期为FMDV的研究与防控提供参考。

Recent Advance on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Utilizes Self-proteins to Evade Innate Immunity Response of Host

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, hot, and highly contagious infectious disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection of cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV has seven serotypes and it spreads rapidly, which seriously affects the development of animal husbandry. FMDV is the prototype member of the Aphthovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family, and its genome encodes 4 structural proteins and 10 non-structural proteins. After infecting the host, FMDV uses its proteins to affect the host innate immune response through a variety of pathways and methods, which is beneficial to the microenvironment of FMDV replication. These strategies include FMDV involvement in autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and stress granule formation of cellular processes, subverting the functions of various host proteins, such as hijacking, cleaving host proteins or interfering with the expression of host proteins, removing ubiquitin from host proteins, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of host proteins, which are also the focus of current research. Based on the existing research results, we summarized the research progress of FMDV protein in suppressing the innate immunity of host in recent years, intending to provide a reference for the research and prevention of FMDV.