哈萨克斯坦渔业主要水域环境现状及保护对策

分析了哈萨克斯坦渔业主要水域的环境现状。伊犁河（Ile River）-巴尔喀什湖（Balhash Lake）、乌拉尔河（Oral River）-里海（Caspian Sea）、锡尔河（Ser River）-咸海（Aral Sea）、额尔齐斯河（Ertis River）-斋桑泊（Zai-sang Lake）均受不同程度的污染,污染物有化肥、农药、石油产物、重金属及含氮化合物、氯化物、硫酸盐,来源包括国内外两个渠道。污染物破坏渔业主要水域生境,对水生物种（鱼类）的安全造成威胁,导致了水生生物资源衰竭。国家有关管理部门应采取相应标准化管理措施,依法执行治理工作,防止国外污染物进入本国渔业水域;并通过和邻国联合对哈国渔业主要水域环境及生物资源开展保护与利用研究,确保本国主要渔业水域生态环境的可持续发展,保护与合理利用人类共有资源。

Present Situation of Ecological Environment and Strategy of Sustainable Development in Major Fishery Water in Republic of Kazakhstan

The present situations of major fishery water environment in Kazakhstan were analyzed, and the results showed that the water segment between Ile River-Balhash Lake, the Oral River-the Caspian Sea, the Ser River-the Aral Sea, the Ertis River-the Zaisang Lake were polluted at different levels. The pollutants were fertilizers, pesticides, petroleum products, heavy metals （mercury, copper, cobalt, zinc, and iron）, phenol, DDT, some nitrogen compounds, chlorides and sulfates, coming from both domestic and foreign pollution sources （neighboring countries）. The pollutants polluted the major fishery environment, negatively impacting bio-safety and exhausting biological resources. Thus, Kazakhstan authorities should take standardized management measures of ecological security and implement governance according to the law to prevent both domestic and foreign pollutants from entering into the fishery water. Through cooperation with neighboring countries in major fishery waters, biological resources protection and research, the sustainable development of main fishery ecological environment in Kazakhstan is to be guaranteed, and protection and rational utilization of ecological environment and natural common resources are implemented.