表达葡萄糖氧化酶基因抗晚疫病马铃薯的培育

葡萄糖氧化酶催化分子氧氧化b-D葡萄糖产生葡萄糖酸和H2O2。产生H2O2和其它活性氧物质是植物对病原体侵入的防御反应。实验证明H2O2水平升高不仅可诱发细胞过敏坏死反应，而且还能激活抗病基因表达如植物抗毒素及诱导病原相关蛋白（PR）等基因的表达。通过农杆菌介导将来自黑麴霉（Aspergillus niger)的葡萄糖氧化酶基因转入2个马铃薯重要栽培品种大西洋（Atlantic)和夏普蒂（Shepody)中获得23个转基因株系，其中75％为Kan抗性植株。在23个转基因株系中有16个株系可用PCR扩增出目的基因。进一步用核酸斑点杂交选出13个杂交阳性株系。转基因植物总DNA的Southem blot分析表明，GO基因已整合到马铃薯四倍体基因组中，转基因大西洋植株中目的基因为2－4个拷贝，而夏普蒂转基因植株中为1个拷贝。将转基因植株离体叶妆种呼和浩特地区流行的Phytophthoro infestans的复合生理小种1，3，4孢子。结果表明，和未转基因对照组相比转基因植株病斑出现时间晚，病斑扩展速度慢，发病程度轻，感病叶片少。总体上表现出较明显抗病性。转基因大西洋中抗性株系多于夏普蒂。转基因马铃薯植株体内H2O2含量测定表明，转基因马铃薯植株的根系和叶片在KI－淀粉培养基上数天后变为蓝色，而未转基因对照植株的根系和叶片变化不明显。试验表明，转基因马铃薯植株对晚疫病的抗性和体风H2O2含量水平呈正相关。还对马铃薯转化中再生小植株诱导，转基因植株中GO基因拷贝数，对晚疫病抗性的鉴定以及表达葡萄糖氧化酶基因的转基因马铃薯产生抗性的机理等问题进行了讨论。

Late blight resistant transgenic potato expressing glucose oxidase gene

Two commercial potato cultivars "Atlantic" and "Shepody" were transformed with glucose oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer. 23 regenerated transgenic potato plants were obtained. Kanamycin resistance, PCR amplification, nucleic acid spot hybridization, southern blot analysis showed that the glucose oxidase gene was intergrated into transformed potato genome. Southern blot analysis revealed that there are 2～4 copies of glucose oxidase gene in each potato tetraploid genome. Detached transgenic potato leaves were inoculated with spors of Phytophthora infestans. Tests show that the number and the size of lesions were reduced and the appearance of lesions was postponed on the leaves of some transgenic lines.