大兴安岭林区湿地生态水环境失调机理探析

阐述了大兴安岭林区湿地特征和生态水环境失调机理,指出该区大气转暖期的温室效应增加,原始森林被砍伐,湿地排水造林,三者相互制约,促使降水径流加速,冻结滞水层融深和融水量加大,地面蒸发作用增强,并人为加大湿地及其流域内地表积水和地下径流向山地河谷排泄,导致湿地生态水环境失调,由此造成大兴安岭针叶森林、冻结滞水层分布区向北和高海拔退缩,森林生态水环境随之失调恶化。

Analysis of the unbalanced mechanisms of ecological water environment in the wetlands of forest area in Daxinganling

The unbalanced mechanisms of ecological water environment of the wetland in Daxinganling forest region are influenced by the enhancement of greenhouse effects and the result of Globle warming,the deforestation of virgin forest and the afforestation on the drainage wetland.The interactional factors will accelerate the surface runoff,enlarge the melting depth of the frozen stagnant water and the melting amount,and increase the surface evaporation.It is the human activities that increase the output of the surface water and the ground runoff from the wetland and its basin to the mountainous valleys and result in the unbalance of ecological water environment in the wetlands.Therefore,the distribution of the virgin forest,the layer of the frozen stagnant water and the wetland in Daxinganling are shrinking to the northern part and the higher elevation.The ecological water environments of forest in Daxinganling are degraded further.