普通小麦穗部性状的配合力与遗传模型分析

选用穗部性状典型的6个普通小麦(T.aestivumL.)材料,采用6×6不完全双列杂交法分析了穗长、结实小穗数、小穗粒数、穗粒数、千粒重和单穗重的杂种优势、配合力、遗传模型及适宜的选择世代。结果表明,千粒重、穗长、穗粒数及单穗重具有较高的杂种优势;穗长、结实小穗数、穗粒数和单穗重一般配合力高,前2个性状在F₂～F₃代选择有效,后2个性状在F₄～F₅代选择有效;每小穗粒数和千粒重特殊配合力高,在F₆～F₇代选择有效;6性状遗传均符合加性-显性模型。此外,84加79与V8164柱部性状协调,一般配合力高,可作为大穗材料在育种中应用。

The Combining Ability and Genetical Models of Spike Characteristics in Hexaploid Wheat

The heterosis,combining ability,genetical model and suitable selected generation of six spike characteristics in hexaploid wheat were studied by 6×6 incomplete diallel crossing system. The results indicated that heterosis of TKW,spike length,kernels per spike and kernel weight per spike are 11.11%,6.78%,8.89% and 22.13% respectively; Spike length,spikelets,kernels per spike and kernel weigot per spike have high general combining ability and should be selected in F₂~F₃ (the first two characters) or F₄~F₅(the last two characters);Kernels per spikelet and TKW have high specific combining ability and should be selected in F₆~F₇.All six characteristics fit additive~dominance genetical model. Moreover,84 Jia 79 and V8164 have perfect spike traits and higher general combining ability,and should be utilized as large spike materials in wheat breeding program.