华北地区春玉米–冬绿肥轮作对碳、氮蓄积和土壤养分以及微生物的影响

华北农田纳入冬绿肥能够提升土壤质量和抑制土壤风蚀。本文主要以一年一茬春玉米为例，将毛苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）与二月兰（诸葛菜，Oryehophragmus violaeeus）作为冬绿肥，研究春玉米冬绿肥轮作模式下的碳氮蓄积量及土壤养分和微生物的变化。2 年试验结果表明，冬绿肥区碳蓄积量是冬闲区的2.4～3.6倍；氮蓄积量约为冬闲区的4.0～4.7倍；二月兰区碳蓄积量比毛苕子区高32.7%～39.2%，毛苕子区氮蓄积量比二月兰区高约5.7%，差异显著（碳蓄积量是指在该轮作系统下植物体的碳素累积量；氮蓄积量是指在该轮作系统下植物体的氮素累积量）。春玉米种植制度短期纳入冬绿肥作物对玉米产量及对土壤pH，速效氮、速效磷含量、土壤总碳量无显著影响。冬绿肥区有机碳含量比冬闲区提高4.5%～5.7%，且二月兰区毛苕子区，差异显著；冬绿肥显著提高了土壤微生物数量，以细菌数量变化最为明显。冬绿肥区细菌数量是冬闲区的2.0～3.7倍，毛苕子区二月兰区。说明农田短期纳入冬绿肥，可以提高土壤有机碳含量，促进土壤微生物的活动，有利于保持土壤肥力。

Effects of spring maize and winter cover crop rotation on accumulation of carbon and nitrogen and soil nutrition and microbe in north China

As one of cultivation measures in farmlands of north China, winter green manure can improve soil quality and suppress soil erosion from wind. In this study, we developed an experiment to study the effects of the alternate cultivation measure of spring maize and two winter green manures (Oryehophragmus violaeeus and Vicia villosa Roth) on accumulation C/N and soil nutrition and microbe components in north China for two years. The results show that the accumulation amount of C and N in biomass under the winter green manure treatments are 2.43.6 times and 4.04.7 times of those under the winter fallow cropland treatment in the two years, respectively. The C accumulation amount in the Oryehophragmus violaeeus treatment is increased by 32.7%39.2% compared with the Vicia villosa Roth treatment, and the N accumulation amount of the latter treatment is 5.7% higher than the former. The maize yields, soil available nitrogen, available phosphate, soil total carbon and soil pH are not significantly influenced by the green manure cultivation. The winter green manure treatments could significantly increase the soil organic carbon by 4.5% 5.7%