土壤有机营养对“红富士”苹果果实产量和品质的影响

通过野外调查与室内分析相结合，运用相关分析和通径分析等统计方法，研究苹果园土壤有机酸、 单糖、 B族维生素的含量与苹果果实品质和产量的关系。结果表明，土壤阿拉伯糖、 烟酰胺、 柠檬酸与果实有机酸含量呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.621、 0.648、 0.587； 阿拉伯糖、 柠檬酸和维生素B2与果实可溶性糖含量通径系数大，为1.123、 0.668、 0.757，是影响可溶性糖含量的主要正因子，土壤草酸含量与其通径系数为负值（－0.558）； 核糖和鼠李糖与果实花色苷的通径系数最大，为0.706、 0.644，而乙酸和草酸对花色苷形成有负影响，通径系数为－0.765、 －0.664； 三类土壤有机营养与果实维生素C含量的正相关性都极为显著；果实可溶性固形物与酒石酸、 维生素B6含量呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.682、 0.613；土壤糖类与果实硬度大小呈负相关，与果实的大小呈显著正相关； 阿拉伯糖、 核糖、 维生素B2和乳酸与果树产量的通径系数及相关系数明显，是影响果树产量的主要因素。

Effect of soil organic nutrition matter on yield and quality of Fuji apple

The relationships between three kinds of soil organic nutritions (organic acids, monosaccharides and B vitamins) and the quality of Fuji apple were studied using field investigation and laboratory analysis. The correlations between soil organic nutritions and quality of the apples were evaluated by the methods of correlation and path analyses. The results show that the soil arabinose, nicotinamide and citric acid are very significantly correlated with the fruit organic acid content, and the correlation coefficients are 0.621, 0.648 and 0.587, respectively The path coefficients are large between the arabinose (1.123), citric acid（0.668）, vitamin B2（0.757）and the fruit soluble sugar content， and they are the main positive impacts on soluble sugar content, while the soil oxalic acid content has negative (－0.558) impact on it. The direct path coefficients from ribose and rhamnose to fruit anthocyanins are 0.706 and 0.644, and the acetic acid and oxalic acid have negative impacts on the formation of anthocyanin, the path coefficients are －0.765 and －0.664. The content of fruit vitamin C is extremely and positively correlated with the three types of organic soil nutritions， and the coefficients of correlations between soluble solids and tartaric acid and vitamin B6 content are 0.682 and 0.613. The contents of soil carbohydrates shows a negative correlation with fruit firmness size and a significant positive correlation with the size of the fruits. The arabinose, ribose, vitamin B2 and lactic acid are the main factors affecting fruit yield.