高食性重叠度对同域物种生境分离的影响——以马鹿和狍为例

2013年和2014年的1月份,在黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区野外调查、采集东北马鹿(Cervus elaphus xanthopygus)与狍(Capreolus pygargus)的粪便,应用粪便显微组织学分析技术对马鹿、狍粪便组成成分对比分析,探讨同域分布的马鹿和狍的生境选择及食性的差异。结果表明:马鹿除采食东北红豆杉外,其余采食植物与狍的完全相同,二者食性重叠度高达84.8%。马鹿与狍采食植物多样性指数都较高,而营养生态位宽度则很低。在高食物重叠性的影响下,马鹿与狍对生境因子选择发生明显的分离。马鹿主要选择人为干扰距离大于1 km,海拔、食物丰富度、隐蔽度较高,阳坡,对于坡位要求并不十分严格的针阔混交林生境;而狍主要选择人为干扰距离小于1 km,海拔、食物丰富度、隐蔽度相对较低,阳坡,中坡位及上坡位的灌丛生境。

Influence of High Dietary Overlap on Sympatric Species Habitat Selection Segregation:A Case Study of Red Deer and Roe Deer

By using microscopic analysis on fresh fecal samples of red deer and roe deer collected in Heilongjiang Province Muling Northeast National Nature Reserve of Japanese Yew in January 2013 and 2014,the differentiation of habitat selection and diet composition were compared and analyzed.The diet composition of red deer is identical to roe deer except Japanese yew,and their trophic overlap are more than 84.8%.Their food diversity indexes are both very high and nutritional niche are both very low.Under the influence of high trophic overlap,red deer and roe deer seperate significantly from each other in habitat selection.The red deer main selects theropencedrymion with human disturbance more than 1 km,high altitude,food abundance and hiding cover,but not strict with slope position;and the roe deer main selects brushwood with human disturbance lower than 1 km,low altitude,food abundance and hiding cover,middle and upper slope.