艾比湖流域生态环境质量评价

艾比湖流域是我国西北内陆干旱区生态退化最严重的区域之一,上世纪50年代以来,随着流域的开发和气候变迁,湖泊水域面积剧减,湖周平原区呈现了沙漠化扩展、次生盐渍化严重和自然植被大量衰败等生态环境问题。研究分析认为,形成这些问题的根源(驱动力)是:1)持续的干旱和大风等气候特征控制了生态环境的总体面貌;2)地质地貌控制了生态环境的空间格局;3)水文状态特别是地下水控制了生态环境系统的演化方向和生态结构与功能,地表水、地下水、土壤水和大气降水均以各自的方式影响着流域的植被和生态;4)人类水资源利用和土地开发影响了生态环境的规模和稳定性。以此为基础,用各自的表征指标构成基于驱动力的生态环境质量评价指标体系。利用Matlab中的径向基神经网络模型定量评价了流域的生态环境质量,结果表明流域生态环境从山地向平原到湖泊逐渐变差,最差的地段是艾比湖湖滨的盐土平原、沼泽湿地,这说明保护艾比湖是该地区生态环境的核心问题,要实现流域协调发展必须保证足够的入湖水量。

Eco-environmental Quality Assessment of Ebinur Watershed

In this paper,base on eco-environment's characters and problems the evaluation drivers of the typical arid inner close watershed-the Ebinur were put forward.They were: 1)Weather facters;Include continuous arid and tremendous wind.2)Hydroaraphy status;The surface water,groundwater,soil water and rainfall all influenced the vegetation and environment.3)Geology and physiognomy.4)Human activity;Human's water use and land exploitation already changed the nature environment.Then the assessment index system was set up using represented index.At last the radial basis network of Matlab was used to quantitatively assess the eco-environment quality.From the result,we can find the eco-environmental quality of the Ebinur watershed was becoming worse from mountain、plain to lake.The salt plain and wetland of Ebinur was the worst.