额济纳旗气候变化特征分析

以额济纳旗地面气象站近50a的气象观测数据为基础资料,运用累积距平法和小波分析法,对该地区的气候变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:在研究时段内,额济纳旗气温先减小后增加,其减小阶段平均每年累积距平值减小0.698℃,增加阶段平均每年累积距平值增加0.911℃,研究时段内气温整体呈上升趋势,其幅度为1.61℃;降水和相对湿度整体趋势变化不明显,但中间年份波动性较大;蒸发量、风速和日照时数都先增加后减少,其先后平均每年累积距平增、减值分别为236.72、294.26mm,0.55、0.40m/s,48.87、53.37h,且整体呈减少趋势;额济纳旗近50a气温、蒸发量、风速、日照时数和相对湿度的突变年份分别为1986年、1978年、1980年、1986年、1969年;气温、降水、风速和相对湿度在它们各自的不同时段都存在较明显的周期,其周期分别为:5～8a和12～16a、3～5a和6～10a、6～8a和10～16a、5～6a和8～12a.

Analysis on characteristics of climate change in Ejin Banner

Taking the climate statistics data of Ejin Banner in recent 50 years as the foundation data,and with accumulated variance and wavelet analysis methods as the main research method,the climate change trends were analyzed.The results showed that the temperature in Ejin Banner decreased firstly and then increased.In the decreasing stage,the accumulated value reduced 0.698 ℃ in an average year,in the opposite stage,the accumulated value increased 0.911 ℃ in an average year,the overall trend was significantly increased and the rate was 1.61 ℃.The precipitation and relative humidity trend were comparatively stable,but in the middle years had obvious fluctuation.The evaporation,wind speed and sunshine duration increased firstly and then decreased,their annual accumulated increase and decrease value were 236.72 and 294.26 mm,0.55 and 0.40 m/s,48.87 and 53.37 h respectively,and the overall trend presented decline trend.The mutation year of the temperature,evaporation,wind speed,sunshine duration and relative humidity in Ejin Banner were 1986,1978,1980,1986,1969,respectively.The temperature,precipitation,wind speed and relative humidity displayed obvious cycle,their respective circles were 5~8 years and 12~16 years,3~5 years and 6~10 years,6~8 years and 10~16 years,5~6 and 8~12 years.