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Design and operation of nitrifying trickling filters in recirculating aquaculture: A review |
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| Authors: | E.H. Eding A. Kamstra J.A.J. Verreth E.A. Huisman A. Klapwijk |
| Affiliation: | aWageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS), Fish Culture and Fisheries, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands bSolea BV, Westerduinweg 6, 1976 BV IJmuiden, The Netherlands cWageningen University, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Systems Technology, Sub-Department Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | This review deals with the main mechanisms and parameters affecting design and performance of trickling filters in aquaculture. Relationships between nitrification rates and easily accessible process parameters, like bulk phase concentration of TAN, O2, organic matter (COD), nitrite, temperature, HCO3−, pH and the hydraulic loading of the trickling filter, are discussed in relation to the design and operation of such filters. Trickling filter design procedures are presented and one of them, a model describing the nitrification performance of trickling filters by plug-flow characteristics, is discussed in greater detail. Finally, practical aspects in relation to filter design and operation are presented. |
| Keywords: | Trickling filter Recirculation Nitrification Biofilm 1/2-Order kinetics 0-Order kinetics Design |
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