固氮螺菌(Azospirillum)的研究进展

生物固氮是生物科学中一个重要的研究课题。对共生固氮微生物,如根瘤菌(Rhizo-bium),自生固氮微生物,如固氮菌(Azotobacter)的研究已有上百年的历史了。联合固氮(Associative Nitrogen Fixation)是近几年来才明确提出的一个概念,可以说是生物固氮中的一个新领域。联合固氮微生物不同于共生固氮微生物,它不与寄主植物形成特殊的组织。但也不同于自生固氮微生物,它紧密地附在根表,甚至有人报导它可存在于根组织内。目前发现的联合固氮类型都是细菌—植物联合固氮。固氮螺菌(Azospirillum)是其中一种主要的固氮细菌,由于它与禾木科作物联合固氮而受到重视。

PROGRESSES IN THE STUDY OF AZOSPIRILLUM

Azospirillum strains are nitrogen-fixing bacteria which associate with the root of grasses in life. Beijerinck(1923)first isolated and described this bacterium as Azo- tobacter spirillum and later(1925)renamed it as Spirillum lipoferum. Its nitrogen-fixing property was definitely confirmed by Becking(1963) with~(15)N technique.Recently,Tarrand,Krieg and D(?)bereiner proposed a new genus Azospirillum.The genus Azospirillum can be divided into two species:A.lipoferom and A.brasilense.The results of inoculatio...