雷竹林覆盖不同发热物质发热规律及对土壤温度的影响

【目的】探索不同发热物质的发热规律,分析雷竹笋用林覆盖中发热物质对土壤温度的影响,为凝练高效低碳雷竹林覆盖模式提供适宜的发热材料和施用方法。【方法】选用生产中广泛使用的3种材料(新鲜鸡粪、枯饼和麦灰)作为发热物质覆盖雷竹林,调查覆盖期内不同时期和不同土层深度的土壤温度,并通过方差分析比较其差异性。【结果】新鲜鸡粪、枯饼和麦灰作为发热物质覆盖雷竹笋用林,土壤温度均在10℃以上,高于未覆盖林地。11月26日覆盖后,前2~5周土壤温度较高,第6周开始温度逐渐下降,第13周(翌年2月底)温度达到最低,之后随着气温的上升,土壤温度又开始上升。不同发热物质的发热规律有所不同,麦灰发热速度快并且集中,前期土壤温度高,增温效果明显,但持续发热时间短,第3周开始土壤温度下降;枯饼发热速度平稳,持续发热时间较长,高温期内土壤温度变化幅度较小;鸡粪发热量相对较低,覆盖初期土壤升温慢,温度较低,但后期土壤温度较高。发热物质和土层厚度均对不同土层的温度差异产生显著影响(P <0.05),覆盖初期发热物质起主导作用,覆盖中期土层厚度起主导作用,覆盖后期共同影响,但二者的交互作用不显著(P> 0.05)。【结论】笋用林覆盖中,不同发热物质的发热规律和发热量不同,鸡粪发热量较小,麦灰持续发热时间短,枯饼发酵分解速度比较平稳,持续发热时间较长,是比较理想的发热物质。生产中可使用枯饼为发热物质,配合适宜的谷壳保温层厚度或采用二次覆盖等措施,实现控制土壤温度和竹笋出土时间,提高笋用林产量和效益的目标。

The heating law of different heating substances and its effect on soil temperature of cover Phyllostachys violascens forest

【Objective】To explore the heating law of different heating substances,to analyze the effect of heating substances on soil temperature of cover Phyllostachys violascens forest,and to provide suitable heating substances and appropriate methods for condensing high-efficiency and low-carbon P.violascens forest cover patterns.【Method】Three kinds of substances(fresh chicken manure,oil cake and wheat ash)widely used in production were used as heating substances to cover P.violascens forest,the soil temperature in different periods and different soil depths during the coverage period was investigated,and comparison of their differences was made through variance analysis.【Result】Fresh chicken manure,dry cake and wheat ash were used as heating materials to cover the P.violascens forest.The soil temperature was above 10℃,which was higher than that of uncovered forest.After covering on November 26,the soil temperature was higher in the first 2 to 5 weeks,the temperature gradually decreased from the 6th week,and the temperature reached the minimum at the 13th week(the end of February of the following year),and then the soil temperature began to rise again as the temperature rose.The heating law of different heating substances is different,the wheat ash has a fast and concentrated heating rate,the duration of continuous heating is short,the soil temperature is high in the early stage,and the temperature increase effect is obvious.The soil temperature drops from the third week;the heating rate of the dry cake is stable and the heating time continues longer,the soil temperature changes less during the high temperature period;chicken manure has a relatively low calorific value,the soil temperature rises slowly at the initial covering period,and the temperature is lower,but the soil temperature is higher at the later stage.Both the heating material and the thickness of the soil layer have a significant effect on the soil temperature(P<0.05).The heating material plays an important role in the initial covering period,and the soil layer thickness in the middle covering period plays a leading role.The Interaction on the soil temperature is not significant(P>0.05).【Conclusion】In the covered of bamboo shoot forest,different heating substances have different heating laws and different calorific values,and the decomposition rate of dry cake fermentation is relatively stable,and the duration of continuous heating is longer,which is an suitable heating substance.The dry cake can be used as a heating substance in production,with appropriate thickness of the chaff insulation layer or the use of secondary covering and other measures to achieve the goals of controlling the soil temperature and the time for bamboo shoots to be unearthed,and increasing the yield and benefit of P.violascens forest.