横向喂入式苎麻剥麻机的设计与试验

为解决苎麻纤维剥制劳动强度大、工效低等问题，该文研制了一种大型苎麻剥麻机。采用横向喂入、连续分段加工剥麻原理，设计出样机并进行了剥麻试验和麻样质量检测。试验结果表明，该机剥麻工效为131 kg/h，鲜茎出麻率4.15%，达到样机设计指标要求。剥麻样品检测结果表明，苎麻含杂麻1.09%，苎麻含胶率23.28%，苎麻束纤维断裂强度为4.59 CN/dtex，均满足国家标准要求。研究结果可为大型苎麻剥制机械的设计提供参考。

Design and experiment of transverse-feeding ramie decorticator

Abstract: Ramie fiber is a type of natural fiber that has long history in civilization. It plays a very important role in Chinese textile process industry. With characteristics of good tensile strength, excellent ventilation, quickly water absorption and volatilization and well corrosion, ramie fiber is prevalent as textile material of making shirt, western-style clothes, T- shirts, underwears health socks, summer beddings and summer sleeping mats.Ramie, as a kind of bast fiber crop, its bast is difficult to be separated from the ramie stem. Therefore, ramie harvesting and fiber peeling cost heavy money and plenty of time. Until present days, people still use the manual decorticator and small-sized motor decorticator to peel ramie fiber in China. These methods are of high cost and intense manual labor, thus China is still far away from solving the difficulty in peeling ramie fiber.Small-sized motor decorticator and simple manual decorticator have been used for peeling ramie fiber in China. Due to the lower production capacity, they can not meet the demands of ramie fiber harvesting in time in large-scale cultivated area. In order to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency of ramie fiber decortication, high efficiency ramie decorticator was developed. This new ramie decorticator discards old traditional method of processing ramie. With this machine, we designed double peeling cylinders located at both inside and outside of the grip chain to segmentally process the bottom and top of full ramie stems, and transverse fed the stems of ramie, which greatly improved the efficiency of ramie decortication. This high efficiency ramie decorticator implemented mechanization of ramie stem feeding, peeling, fiber water washing and collection. We produced the first transverse feed ramie decorticator, carried out experiments on sample machine and launched the quality test of decorticated fiber. Since this machine can reduce the auxiliaries working time and process ramie stem continuously, it enhances the productivity substantially. Experiment results showed that productivity of this machine was 131kg/h, which was 19 times as much as small-sized motor decorticator, and fiber percentage of fresh ramie stem was 4.15%, which basically reached the design requirement. According to the sample test analysis, the percentage of ramie impurities content was 1.09%, which was lower than that of the second level ramie impurities content (1.5%); the rubber content of ramie was 23.28%, which was lower than that of the required standard of machine decorticated ramie (≤28%); and the breaking strength of ramie bundle was 4.59 cN /dtex, which exceeded that of the first level degummed ramie (≥4.50 cN /dtex) set by national standard. All these data showed that the quality of fiber decorticated by the sample decorticator meet the requirements of textile enterprises. This ramie decorticator with high efficiency and high (stable) fiber quality is suitable for large-scale ramie base.