芳香植物气味及提取液对茶尺蠖行为的影响

为了明确芳香植物对茶尺蠖Ectropisobliqua的驱避、拒食作用和获得应用于茶园茶尺蠖"推-拉"策略的植物材料,利用"Y"型嗅觉仪室内测定其成虫对芳香植物气味的趋性反应,并采用叶碟法测定芳香植物提取液对其幼虫的拒食作用及营养干扰效果。丁香罗勒、迷迭香、柠檬桉和芸香植株挥发物及甲醇提取液对茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫有显著的驱避效果。猫薄荷、迷迭香和鼠尾草的2 00 mg/mL甲醇提取液对茶尺蠖3龄幼虫表现出显著拒食活性,24 h后的选择性拒食率分别为93.85%、86.00%和77.32%,非选择性拒食率分别为85.77%、87.00%和88.05%。其中,迷迭香处理的幼虫生长率最低,仅为0.12 mg/天,对幼虫的相对取食量、食物利用率和食物转化率等营养指标有影响。研究表明,10种芳香植物中迷迭香具有显著的行为调控功能,是构建茶尺蠖"推-拉"策略的理想材料。

Effect of odors from different aromatic plants and extracts on the behavior of the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua (Prout)

To study the repellency and antifeedant effects of aromatic plants against Ectropis obliqua (Prout) and to acquire the suitable plants for E.obliqua "push-pull" strategy in tea plantations, behavioral responses of adults E.obliqua to the odors of ten different aromatic plants were measured by using "Y" shaped olfactometer in the laboratory, and the antifeedant activities and nutritional interfering effects of ten aromatic plant extracts against the 3rd-instar larvae were investigated using leaf disc choice bioassays as well. The volatile and the methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Cuminum maculata and Ruta graveolens plants displayed remarkable repellency against female and male E.obliqua. The methanol extracts of Nepeta cataria, R.officinalis and Salvia farinacea plants had strong antifeedant activities to E.obliqua larvae at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. Compared with control, the choice antifeedant rates of 24 h reached 93.85%, 86.00% and 77.32%, and the non-choice antifeedant rates of 24 h were 85.77%, 87.00% and 88.05%, respectively. The growth rate of E.obliqua larvae which were treated by R.officinalis plant extract was only 0.12 mg/d, and the nutritional indexes of larvae feeding, such as relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and efficiency of conversion of digested food, were obviously interfered in non-choice test. The results showed that among ten aromatic plants, R.officinalis plant exerted the strongest repellent and antifeedant activity against E. obliqua, and could be used as the desirable components of "push-pull" strategy for E.obliqua.