红松优树无性系及其子代的生长评价与选择研究

  目的  评价和选择优质红松种质资源，为种子园升级换代提供材料。  方法  本研究以吉林省汪清林业局国家红松良种基地相同优树的30个37年生亲本无性系和35年生生子代半同胞家系为材料，对其生长性状进行评价分析。  结果  方差分析结果表明，无性系和家系各测定指标差异均达极显著水平（P < 0.01）。无性系或家系各指标表型变异系数变化范围分别为4.19% ~ 25.88%和4.51% ~ 34.33%，无性系各指标重复力变化范围为0.45 ~ 0.74，家系各指标遗传力变化范围为0.70 ~ 0.85，家系单株遗传力变化范围为0.29 ~ 0.66，属于中高重复力和遗传力。相关性分析结果表明，无性系和家系间胸径、树高、材积和冠幅均呈极显著正相关（r > 0.47，r > 0.57）。主成分分析结果表明，无性系和家系的两个主成分的累计贡献率分别达68.50%和73.37%，胸径、树高、材积和冠幅对主成分Ⅰ的贡献最大，因此可以作为红松种质资源评价的指标。利用多性状综合评价法对无性系和家系进行筛选，以10%为入选率，分别筛选出3个优良无性系和3个优良家系，入选无性系和家系胸径、树高、材积和冠幅遗传增益变化范围为3.03% ~ 14.40%。对优良家系内单株进行综合评价选择，筛选出9株优良单株，入选优良单株胸径、树高、材积和冠幅遗传增益变化范围为6.98% ~ 37.37%。  结论  利用生长性状初选出优良无性系、优良家系和优良单株，可用于红松良种申报，并为红松良种选育提供理论基础。 

Growth evaluation and selection study of elite clones and its offspring families in Pinus koraiensis

  Objective  This paper aims to evaluate and select elite germplasm of Pinus koraiensis, and provide materials for seed orchard upgrading.   Method  The 37-year-old parental clones and 35-year-old offspring half-sib families from the same elite trees in Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province of northeastern China were used as materials, and we measured their growth traits.   Result  Variance analysis showed that the clone or family growth traits had strongly significant differences among the sources of variation (P < 0.01). The phenotypic coefficient of variation of all traits for clone and family ranged from 4.19% to 25.88% and 4.51% to 34.33%, respectively. The clone repeatability of all traits ranged from 0.45 to 0.74, and the family heritability of all traits ranged from 0.70 to 0.85, the single heredity of all traits ranged from 0.29 to 0.66, indicating medium-high level of repeatability and heritability. Correlation analysis results showed that there were significantly positive correlations (r > 0.47, r > 0.57) of some traits (such as DBH, tree height, volume, crown width) for clone and family. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of the two principal components was 68.50% and 73.37%, respectively, the DBH, tree height, volume and crown width contributed greatly to principal component Ⅰ, and described the growth characters of P. koraiensis, so these traits can be used as an evaluation index for further selection of superior germplasm of P. koraiensis. To select the elite clone and family by multiple-trait comprehensive evaluation, 3 excellent clones and families were selected with 10% selection rate, the clone and family genetic gain of growth traits (the DBH, tree height, volume and crown width) ranged from 3.03% to 14.40%. Selecting the elite individual within the excellent families, 9 excellent individuals were selected and their genetic gain of growth traits (the DBH, tree height, volume and crown width) ranged from 6.98% to 37.37%.   Conclusion  The selection of excellent clones, families and individuals based on growth traits can be used to improve seed variety declaration and provide theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of improved variety of P. koraiensis.