植物病毒分子群体遗传学研究进展

植物病毒群体遗传学的2个中心任务是定量描述病毒种群内的遗传变异及阐明该变异的机制.植物病毒自然种群遗传结构通常包括1-2种优势的序列变异类型和一些低频率的序列变异类型,即具有准种遗传结构特征.植物病毒种群遗传多样性水平和病害暴发以及流行时间有一定的相关性.另外,植物病毒种群遗传结构中还存在超群种群类型.一些生物学特性可能取决于准种内的不同变种间的相互作用.如决定适应能力、寄主范围及致病性变异等.植物寄主—昆虫介体—病毒三者间的协同进化关系是植物病毒种群遗传结构保存相对稳定的主要因素.描述植物病毒种群遗传结构特征为构建更有效的病害防治策略提供了依据.

Advance in molecular population genetics of plant virus

The two main objectives of population genetics of plant virology are describing the genetic variation in virus population and their mechanisms. Generally, genetic structure of natural population of plant virus includes a main sequence type and many minor quantity sequence types caused by variation. That is characterized as quasispecies genetic structure. The level of population genetic diversity of plant virus is related to the outbreak of viral disease and its epidemic. Furthermore the metrapopulation structure also exists in natural population genetic structure of plant virus. Different sequences and their proportion in quasispecies may be some implications on biological function such as determining adapting ability, host range and pathogenicity variation and so on. The evolutional relationship among plant host-insect vector-virus cooperating with each other is the main factor that leads to the relative stabilization of population genetic structure of plant virus. Describing the population genetic structure of plant virus can provide effective control strategy for virus disease.