聚合水稻温敏核不育基因和反温敏核不育基因创制永久核不育系

【目的】制种安全是影响两系杂交稻持续健康发展的关键问题。本研究旨在探索解决两系杂交水稻的制种安全隐患途径。【方法】以16个(光)温敏核不育系与4个反温敏核不育系配组并对F1育性进行观察,选择矮紫S(温敏核不育系)和矮雁s(反温敏核不育系)为构建永久核不育系的供源亲本。通过回交将矮紫S和矮雁s的育性基因导入到桥梁亲本天丰B中,分别育成天丰B的近等基因系天丰S和天丰s。【结果】天丰S和天丰s杂交获得的天丰Ss即为永久核不育系。对天丰Ss的育性、可恢性等特性的研究表明,天丰Ss在自然长日高温和短日低温下均表现不育;天丰Ss及其3个亲本与5个恢复系杂交的F1组合结实率无明显差异。【结论】永久核不育系的创制有望从根本上解决两系杂交水稻的制种安全问题。

Development of Permanent Genic Male Sterile Line by Pyramiding Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Genes and Reverse Temperature Induced Genic Male Sterile Genes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

【Objective】The security problem of seed production has seriously hampered the steadily and sustainable development of two-line hybrid rice. 【Method】Aizi S (thermos-sensitive genic male sterile, TSGMS) and Aiyan s (reverse temperature sensitive genic male sterile line, RTSGMS) were screened as the original parents to develop permanent genic sterile line (PGSL) according to the F1 fertility of crosses among 16 (light-) TSGMS and 4 RTSGMS. The fertility genes were introduced into the near isogenic lines Tianfeng S and Tianfeng s by backcrossing Aizi S and Aiyan s with the bridge parent Tianfeng B, respectively. Then, Tianfeng Ss, the PGSL, was observed from the cross between Tianfeng S and Tianfeng s. The fertility, restoration, competitive advantage of yield-related traits and reproductive characteristics of Tianfeng Ss were investigated. 【Result】 Tianfeng Ss was completely sterile under natural long day with high temperature and short day with low temperature. And no obvious difference was noted among the F1 crosses from Tianfeng Ss and its three parents and five restorers in spikelet fertility percentage. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the newly developed PGSL might solve the security problem of seed production in two-line hybrid rice fundamentally.