云杉天然群体表型多样性研究

以系统揭示云杉全分布区天然群体表型变异程度和变异规律为目的 ,以其全分布区 10个有代表性天然群体 ,每个群体 30个个体为试材 ,对针叶、球果、种鳞、种翅和种子等 17个表型性状进行系统比较分析 ,采用方差分析、多重比较、相关分析和聚类分析等统计分析方法 ,讨论了群体间和群体内的表型多样性。结果表明 :云杉种内表型性状在群体间和群体内存在极其丰富的遗传差异。云杉球果、针叶、种鳞、种翅和种子 5个表型性状的变异系数分别为 19 14 %、2 6 4 6 %、13 5 8%、19 78%和 174 0 % ,种鳞性状稳定性较其他性状高。表型分化系数 (VST)的变幅为 2 0 9%～ 4 0 6 2 % ,群体间表型分化系数均值为 30 99%。群体间变异 (30 99% )小于群体内变异 (6 9 0 1% )。 17个表型性状间多数呈极显著或显著的正相关 ,球果长度、球果径、种鳞长度、种鳞宽度和种子千粒重为云杉易测定和重要的表型性状。云杉种内群体表型变异在空间分布上呈现以纬度为主的单向变异模式 ,利用群体间欧氏距离进行UPGMA聚类分析表明 ,云杉群体可以划分为 5类

Study on Phenotypic Diversity of Natural Population in Picea asperata

This study was conducted to determine phenotypic variation of natural populations and found out the relation between phenotypic variation of natural populations and different distribution areas in P. asperata. Based on field investigations and analysis of the natural distribution of P.asperata in P.R.China,four cone characters, three needle traits,three seed scale traits,three seed wing characters and four seed traits in 30 trees from each of 10 populations in P. asperata were selected and investigated. Morphological diversities among/within populations were discussed on the basis of 17 phenotypic traits analysis such as the cone,the needle,the dry weight of cone,the seed scale,the seed wing,the seed and the weight of per 1 000 seeds and so on. The method of novon analysis,multi_comparison,related analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used for analysis of experimental results.The results showed that there was significantly difference in genetic variation among populations and among individuals within populations.In different individuals within populations,the CV of five phenotypic traits(in cone,needle,seed scale,seed wing and seed traits) were 19.14%,26.46%,13.58%,19.78% and 17.40%,respectively.The traits stability of seed scale was higher than that of other traits.The V ST of cone, needle, seed scale,seed wing and seed ranged from 2.09% to 40.62%.The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient V ST between populations was 30.99%, which was greatly smaller than that within populations(69.01%). The cone length,cone diameter,seed scale length and the weight per 1 000 seeds were the most important phenotypic traits which were easy to measure in %P.asperata.% The traits variation of natural populations within %P.asperata% species affected mainly by latitude in spatial distribution.The 10 populations of %P.asperata% investigated could be divided into five groups according to the UPGMA cluster analysis.