水直播稻田杂草综合治理关键性技术的研究

白湖属沿江圩区，其水直播稻田杂草的发生与危害规律为：杂草共１２７种，隶属３７科，９０属，占全国稻田杂草总数的９８．４５％；发生量大且危害严重的恶性杂草有稗草等６种，造成稻谷减产达１６％～６２％；主要杂草群落分３种类型共１０种，其中多元群落占５７．１４％，是优势的危害群落。综合治理的关键性技术主要包括：（１）化学防除配套技术，有土壤处理与苗期施药两项配套技术，以防除禾本科及阔叶杂草２种除草剂复配使用或使用多元复合型混配剂，充分发挥了化学除草的效果。（２）以精细耕整、诱发灭草、适度深耕等耕作技术，中断杂草正常进行的侵染循环。（３）实行水旱轮作，配合使用化学药剂，可以收到最佳的除草效果。（４）强化田间管理，实行保健栽培，可以有效地控制杂草危害，使水稻产量稳步增长，同时节约成本，生态效益明显。（５）将化学除草与农业除草技术配套，达到除草、增产、养地、节省费用的目的。

Study on Main Management Techniques of Weeds Grown in the Direct Sowing Rice Fields

There were 127 species of weeds found in Baihu——a low lying paddy field surrounded with dykes along the Yangtze River,which were classified into 37 families and 90 genera.Among them,6 species of malignant weeds,such as barnyard grass(Fchinochloa crusgalli)etc,spread fast and caused 16%￣62% reduction in rice yield.The main management techniques of weed control were:(1)the coordinate chemical technique consisting of soil treatment and herbicide application during seedling stage;(2)the comprehensive cultivation techniques including moderate deep ploughing,intensive soil preparation and luring weeds to germinate in order to break off the infection circle of the weeds;(3)transferring cultivation of paddy and upland field;(4)producing healthy seedlings and strong plant to control the growth of weeds;(5)combining chemical control and cultivational control to reduce the cost.