The Forecasting System for Plant Protection in the USSR: Its Theory,Methods and Organization1 |
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Authors: | I. Ya. POLYAKOV |
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Abstract: | In the USSR, the system of forecasting the occurrence of crop pests and diseases consists of long-term, yearly or seasonal forecasts, and a warning service. They allow for prophylactic plant protection to be adequately planned and organized both on a country-wide and a regional scale. Theoretically, all kinds of forecasts are based on a knowledge of the population dynamics of pests. The criteria used to develop forecasts are the state of certain climatic and energetic factors during previous seasons, which determine the morphophysiological features of populations and the way they will react to the environment in the future. On this basis, mathematical formulae can be developed and the management of pest population dynamics can be planned. The main biological information required for forecasting is collected by the State Plant Protection Service. Data on climatic conditions and the state of crops are supplied by the Hydrometeorological Service. Methods of data collection, treatment and interpretation are developed by research institutes according to the accepted model of pest population dynamics. En URSS, les previsions se font a long terme, a echeance d'une annee et sous forme d'avertissements saisonniers. La protection des plantes peut, de ce fait, etre planifiee a I'echelle nationale et regionale. En principe, toutes les previsions sont basees sur la connaissance de la dynamique des populations de ravageurs et maladies. Les criteres utilises pour la preparation de previsions comprennent le recours a une serie de facteurs climatiques et energetiques qui ont prevalu durant les saisons precedentes. Ceux-ci determinent les caracteristiques morphophysiologiques des populations et la faGon dont elles vont repondre aux conditions de I'environnement. Ceci permet de developper des formules mathematiques de prevision et de planifier le management des populations des depredateurs. La plus grande partie des donnees necessaires a ces previsions sont recueillies par le Service de la protection des vegetaux. Les donnees sur le climat et sur la phenologie des cultures parviennent au Service hydrometeorologique, alors que les methodes de lutte sont developpees par les instituts de recherches, sur la base de modeles de la dynamique des populations. |
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