6个地方鸡种羽毛性状遗传的研究

 以丝羽乌骨鸡（S）、仙居鸡（X）、固始鸡（G）、萧山鸡（XIS）、北京油鸡（Y）、狼山鸡（L）6个地方鸡种为试验素材，通过品种间的正反交试验、回交试验、横交试验，观测羽型性状、羽色性状、羽速性状在不同组合下产生的F1和F2代中的表现和分离比例，分析各性状遗传规律。结果表明：羽型性状受常染色体基因H/h控制，片状羽型对丝状羽型为显性，片状羽型在仙居鸡、固始鸡、萧山鸡、北京油鸡、狼山鸡群体中均为显性纯合，遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律，观测值与理论值相一致（P>0.05）；狼山鸡的黑羽，北京油鸡的红羽和萧山鸡、仙居鸡、固始鸡的黄羽对丝羽乌骨鸡隐性白羽的遗传方式是完全显性遗传；各鸡种具有独特的羽速种质特性，丝羽乌骨鸡、仙居鸡为快羽型，固始鸡、北京油鸡、萧山鸡为慢羽型，狼山鸡为快慢羽混合型，伴性快慢羽基因（k/K）在6个地方鸡种中遗传稳定，符合伴性遗传规律，观测值与理论值相一致（P>0.05）。 

Study on Feather Inheritance Law of Six Indigenous Chicken Breeds

In this study, 6 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds including Silky chicken, Xianju, Gushi, Xiaoshan, Youji and Langshan were treated as experimental materials. Direct and reciprocal cross, backcross and crossbred under different combinations were carried out to generate F1 and F2 populations. Feather type, feather color and feather growth appearance and segregation ratio in F1 and F2 were observed. Then their inheritance laws were analyzed. The results showed that feather types were controlled by a single gene H (h) located on euchromosome. The sheet feather type was dominant to recessive sheet feather type, and the genotypes in Xianju, Gushi, Xiaoshan, Youji and Langshan chicken breeds were dominant homozygotes. Its inheritance accorded with Mendels law, the observed values was consistent with theoretical values (P>0.05). Black feather of Langshan, red feather of Youji and yellow feather of Xiaoshan, Xianju and Gushi exhibited complete dominant heredity to white feather of silky chicken. The 6 chicken breeds had different idioplasmic specialities on feather growing type, Silky chicken and Xianju carried fast growing type, whereas Gushi, Xiaoshan and Youji carried slow growing type, and Langshan has both types. Inheritance of this sex linked gene was steady in all the six chicken breeds, and was accorded with sex linkage law. The observed values was consistent with theoretical values (P>0.05).