Atypical myopathy in 2 Bactrian camels |
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Authors: | Manuela Hirz,Henrike A. Gregersen,Johannes Sander,Dominique M. Votion,Anne Schä nzer,Kernt Kö hler,Christiane Herden |
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Affiliation: | Institutes for Veterinary-Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany;Zoological Garden of Neunkirchen, Germany;Screening-Laboratory, Hannover, Germany;Equine Pole, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium;Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Atypical myopathy (AM) is an acute seasonal rhabdomyolysis seen primarily in equids, caused by the ingestion of sycamore maple samaras containing hypoglycin A (HGA) and methylenecyclopropyl-glycine (MCPG). Toxic metabolites inhibit acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and enoyl-CoA hydratases, causing selective hyaline degeneration of type I muscle fibers. Two zoo-kept Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) with a fatal course of AM had sudden onset of muscle pain and weakness, recumbency, and dysphagia, accompanied by increased serum creatine kinase activity and detection in serum of HGA, MCPG, and metabolites. Medical treatment was ineffective. At postmortem examination, sycamore maple tree material was found within the first gastric compartment of the 2-y-old gelding. Although musculature was macroscopically normal, histologically, monophasic hyaline degeneration was marked within type I fibers of intercostal and hypoglossal muscles of the gelding, and in neck, tongue, and masticatory muscles of the cow. The ingestion of sycamore maple material can cause AM in Bactrian camels, and trees of the Sapindaceae family should be avoided in enclosures. |
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Keywords: | acute rhabdomyolysis atypical myopathy camels hyaline muscle degeneration hypoglycin A methylenecyclopropyl-glycine (MCPG) seasonal pasture myopathy |
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