Modeling invasive species spread in complex landscapes: the case of potato moth in Ecuador |
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Authors: | Verónica Crespo-Pérez François Rebaudo Jean-François Silvain Olivier Dangles |
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Institution: | (1) IRD, UR 072, Diversity, Ecology and Evolution of Tropical Insects Team, Evolution, Genomes and Speciation Laboratory, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;(2) University Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France;(3) Entomology Laboratory, Natural and Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, 1076 Av. 12 de Octubre and Roca St., Quito, Ecuador |
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Abstract: | Tropical mountains have a long history of human occupation, and although vulnerable to biological invasions, have received
minimal attention in the literature. Understanding invasive pest dynamics in socio-ecological, agricultural landscapes, like
the tropical Andes, is a challenging but timely issue for ecologists as it may provide developing countries with new tools
to face increasing threats posed by these organisms. In this work, road rehabilitation into a remote valley of the Ecuadorian
Andes constituted a natural experiment to study the spatial propagation of an invasive potato tuber moth into a previously
non-infested agricultural landscape. We used a cellular automaton to model moth spatio-temporal dynamics. Integrating real-world
variables in the model allowed us to examine the relative influence of environmental versus social landscape heterogeneity
on moth propagation. We focused on two types of anthropogenic activities: (1) the presence and spatial distribution of traditional
crop storage structures that modify local microclimate, and (2) long-distance dispersal (LDD) of moths by human-induced transportation.
Data from participatory monitoring of pest invasion into the valley and from a larger-scale field survey on the Ecuadorian
Andes allowed us to validate our model against actual presence/absence records. Our simulations revealed that high density
and a clumped distribution of storage structures had a positive effect on moth invasion by modifying the temperature of the
landscape, and that passive, LDD enhanced moth invasion. Model validation showed that including human influence produced more
precise and realistic simulations. We provide a powerful and widely applicable methodological framework that stresses the
crucial importance of integrating the social landscape to develop accurate invasion models of pest dynamics in complex, agricultural
systems. |
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