50个红松无性系生长与木材性状变异研究

为选育高产、优质红松资源,本研究以吉林省龙井市开山屯林场的50个红松无性系为材料,对其生长性状(树高、胸径、材积)和木材性状(基本密度、木质素含量、半纤维素含量、纤维素含量、棕纤维素含量、碳含量、纤维长度、纤维宽度)进行测定并分析。方差分析结果表明:除木质素含量外(P=0.114),无性系间各指标差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);各指标表型变异系数变化范围为5.09%~34.48%;除木质素含量(0.2689)外,各指标重复力变化范围为0.5234~0.8481,属于高重复力。高变异系数,高重复力,有利于无性系的评价选择;相关性分析结果表明,树高、胸径和材积间均呈极显著正相关(r>0.787),木材性状间木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和综纤维素含量之间呈显著相关,纤维长度和纤维宽度间呈极显著正相关(r=0.549),其余性状相关未达显著水平。利用综合评价法对50个无性系进行评价,以10%的入选率,根据生长性状初步选出PK6、PK47、PK15、PK37和PK27这5个无性系,入选无性系树高、胸径和材积分别比总平均值高8.50%、19.05%和50.00%,遗传增益分别为4.47%、12.91%和30.92%;根据木材性状进行选择初步选出PK22、PK20、PK41、PK18和PK21这5个无性系,入选无性系木材性状各指标的遗传增益处0.90%~31.18%之间。该研究以生长性状与木材性状相关性较弱为基础,对各无性系进行生长性状及木材性状分开选择,入选无性系改良潜力较大,为红松优良无性系评价提供新的思路。 

Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones

In order to obtain Pinus koraiensis resources with high yield and excellent quality, we took 50 P. koraiensis clones in the Kaishantun Forest Farm in Longjing City, Jilin Province as materials, and investigated their growth characteristics ( tree height, diameter at breast height, volume ) and wood properties ( basic density, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, holocellulose, carbon content, fiber length, fiber width). Variance analysis showed that all the traits were significantly different (P<0. 01) among different clones except for lignin content ( P=0. 114 ) . The coefficients of phenotypic variation of all the traits ranged from 5. 09% to 34. 48%. The repeatabilities of different traits ranged from 0. 523 4 to 0. 848 1 except for lignin content ( 0. 268 9 ) , showing its high repeatability. High variation and repeatability values were beneficial to evaluation and selection of excellent clone. Correlation analysis results showed that there existed significantly positive correlations between tree height, diameter at breast height and
volume ( r>0. 787 ) . There also existed significant correlation among lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and holocellulose, and a significantly positive correlation was also found between fiber length and fiber width (r>0. 549). Using the method of multiple-traits evaluation, the growth traits of the clones were evaluated with a selection rate of 10%, and PK6 , PK47 , PK15 , PK37 and PK27 were selected as excellent clones. The tree height, diameter at breast height, volume of these excellent clones were higher than the total average by 8. 50%, 19. 05% and 50. 00%, and the genetic gains were 4. 47%, 12. 91%and 30. 92%, respectively. When the clones were evaluated by wood traits with a selection rate of 10%, PK22, PK20, PK41, PK18, PK21 were selected as excellent clones, and the genetic gains of these clones ranged from 0. 90% to 31. 18%. Due to the weak correlation coefficients between growth characteristics and wood properties, excellent clones were evaluated by growth traits and wood properties independently and the selected clones showed higher potential of improvement. Our research provides a new insight for into selection of excellent clones of P. koraiensis.