黑龙江木本植物盛花期对气候变暖的响应

本文利用黑龙江省森林植物园50种木本植物52年的盛花期观测数据和该地区过去52年间全年和每个月的温度数据,探讨黑龙江地区木本植物盛花期对气候变暖的响应,同时分析了生活型(乔木vs.灌木)和果实类型(肉质vs.非肉质)在这种响应方面的差异。结果表明: 研究地点在过去的52年里升温趋势明显,全年平均温度或春季平均温度的变化幅度每10年均升高达0.49 ℃,高于全球和全国的平均水平;50种植物中,多数植物(76%)盛花期主要与4月或5月平均温度显著相关,盛花期对气候变暖响应明显,平均提前2.09 d/℃,但提前速率存在明显的种间差异。其余12个种(24%)的盛花期不受温度升高影响或影响不显著;不同物种盛花期对春季不同月份平均温度变化的响应存在差异,大多数(34种)开花较早的物种与4月平均温度变化呈极显著(P0.000 1,P0.01)或显著相关(P0.05),少数(4种)开花较晚的物种与5月平均温度变化显著相关(P0.05);生活型(乔木vs.灌木)和果实类型(肉质vs.非肉质)对这种响应未表现出显著的相关性。上述研究结果初步揭示了我国东北地区木本植物盛花期对气候变暖的响应特点,与国内外同类研究的结论基本一致并相互佐证。 

Peak flowering responses to the global warming of woody species in Heilongjiang Province,northeastern China

Phenological observations can provide a sensitive bio-indicator of temperature change. Flowering is an important phenophase and the start of plant reproduction, the shift of peak flowering is a core property of the series phenological variations. Northeast China locates on the sensitive zone of northern high latitude, many local species have significant phenological responses to global warming and are more representative. Based on the data sets of peak flowering observation and monthly average temperature during the past 52 years in Forest Botany Garden of Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China, we analyzed the peak flowering responses to the raising temperature of 50 woody species. Also the response difference of morphological function groups ( tree or shrub ) and the fruit types ( fleshy or non-fleshy fruits) was explored. Results showed that the warming trend of study site was remarkable during the past 52 years. The rising ranges of mean annual temperature and mean springtime both reached 0. 49℃ per 10 years, and significantly exceeded the average of global and nationwide levels; in 50 species, the peak flowering time of 38 species ( 76%) has significant correlation with the average temperature of April or May;peak flowering time showed advanced responses to the climate warming, averagely 2. 09 days/℃ahead, but there was obvious species-specific in advance rate. And the other 12 species(24%) did not have significant responses or were uncorrelated to the temperature warming. Varied species have difference in the response of peak flowering time to the mean temperature variation during the months of springtime. 34 earlier flowering species were highly significantly ( P < 0. 000 1, P < 0. 01 ) or significantly (P<0. 05) correlated with the mean temperature of April, 4 relatively late flowering species were significantly ( P<0. 05 ) correlated with the mean temperature of May;The above mentioned species which emerged advanced responses in peak time didn ’ t resemble each other in their phenological sensitivity on the morphological function group ( tree or shrub ) and the fruit type ( fleshy or non-fleshy fruits) levels. The above results reveal the response characteristics of woody plants in peak flowering time to climate warming in northeastern China, and the results are basically identical to the relevant studies in Europe and North America and corroborate mutually. It could be a good foundation for the further studies.