鄂北岗地造林树种选择研究

为筛选适宜鄂北岗地的造林树种，提高造林成效，采用样地调查方法对2018年鄂北岗地“精准灭荒”工程造林项目进行了调查，比较各树种造林成活率、保存率及造林第二年生长情况，结合主成分分析并聚类，综合评价各树种的造林效果。结果表明，11个造林树种间的造林成活率、保存率、盖度、新梢生长量及中心干枯死率均存在极显著差异，其中，油茶造林成活率、保存率最高（96.7%±2.0%、94.9%±2.7%），湿地松盖度最大（0.097±0.011），刺槐一年生梢最长（39.8 cm），油茶、湿地松、柏木中心干枯死率低；造林指标的综合评价值（D值）由高到低排序，依次为油茶、湿地松、女贞、柏木、刺槐、栾树、桂花、重阳木、银杏、樟树、槲栎。通过聚类分析将11个造林树种分为4 个类群，最适宜的树种为油茶、湿地松和女贞，比较适宜的树种为柏木和刺槐，适宜性差的树种为栾树、桂花、重阳木、银杏、樟树，不适宜树种为槲栎。油茶、湿地松、女贞、柏木、刺槐综合表现较优，可作为鄂北岗地造林的首选树种。

Selection of Afforestation Tree Species in Hilly Land of Northern Hubei

In order to select suitable afforestation tree species in northern Hubei and improve the effectiveness of afforestation, the sampling method was used to investigate the afforestation project of the precision eradication project in 2018, and the survival rate, preservation rate and growth of the second year of afforestation of various tree species were compared, and the afforestation effect of each tree species were comprehensively evaluated combined with principal component analysis and clustering. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in afforestation survival rates, preservation rates, coverage, new shoot growth, and central stem dead rate among the 11 afforestation tree species, among which, the survival rate (96.7%±2.0%) and preservation rate (94.9%±2.7%) of Camellia oleifera were the highest, Pinus elliottii coverage was the largest (0.097±0.011), Robinia pseudoacacia had the longest annual shoots (39.8 cm), and the central stem dead rate of Camellia oleifera, Pinus elliottii and Cupressus funebris were low; the comprehensive evaluation of afforestation (D value) was ranked from high to low, followed by Camellia oleifera, Pinus elliottii, Ligustrum lucidum, Cupressus funebris, Robinia pseudoacacia, Koelreuteria paniculata, Osmanthus fragrans, Bischofia polycarpa, Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum bodinieri and Quercus aliena. Through cluster analysis, 11 afforestation tree species were divided into 4 groups; the most suitable tree species were Camellia oleifera, Pinus elliottii and Ligustrum lucidum, the more suitable tree species were Cupressus funebris and Robinia pseudoacacia, the poorly suitable tree species was Koelreuteria paniculata, Osmanthus fragrans, Bischofia polycarpa, Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum bodinieri, and Quercus aliena was not suitable. Camellia oleifera, Pinus elliottii, Ligustrum lucidum, Cupressus funebris, and Robinia pseudoacacia had optimal suitability, which can be used as the preferred tree species for forestation in northern Hubei.