水杨酸对落叶松的诱导抗病性及其林间应用

应用水杨酸0.1%水剂、2%烟剂对落叶松落叶病、落叶松枯梢病进行了室内抑菌试验,结果表明:水杨酸水剂和烟剂对病菌孢子萌发无抑制作用。在此基础上,进行了林间株组防治试验和林分大面积防治试验,结果表明:0.1%水杨酸水剂林间株组防治落叶松落叶病效果达94%,是生产中应用的杀菌剂代森铵防治效果的2.4倍。水杨酸烟剂1997年林间株组防治落叶松落叶病效果达93.8%,明显高于百菌清烟剂(88.4%)。2000年不同防治时间、不同含量的水杨酸烟剂林间株组防治落叶松落叶病、枯梢病均有显著效果。其中以2%水杨酸烟剂防治落叶松落叶病、1%水杨酸烟剂防治落叶松枯梢病效果较好。3次试验对落叶松落叶病、枯梢病的平均防治效果分别为90.7%和74.2%。5%水杨酸烟剂林分大面积防治落叶松落叶病效果可达80.77%,防治落叶松枯梢病效果可达53.86%。

Induced Resistance to Disease in Larch by Salicylic Acid and Its Application

Salicylic acid(0.1% aqueous solution and 2.0% smoke agent)was used to treat the unhealthy larch branches in order to determine the inhibition to Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis Ito et al and Botryosphaeria laricina(Sawada)Shang by indoor test.Result shows that salicylic acid(aqueous solution or smoke agent)has no inhibition effect on the sprouting of fungal spores.Based on this,the control test in the larch tree group(composed of five adjacent trees)and in the large-area stand were carried out.Result shows that the control effect of 0.1% salicylic acid aqueous solution against M.larici-leptolepis reached 94%,which was 2.4 times of the common method with Amobam.The control effect of salicylic acid smoke agent against M.larici-leptolepis was 93.8% in 1997,which was distinctly higher than that of the chlorothalonil smoke agent(88.4%).While a series of tests conducted in the tree group at different times show that different concentrations of salicylic acid smoke agents all have obvious inhibition effects on M.larici-leptolepis and B.laricina,of which the effects of 2% salicylic acid smoke agent against M.larici-lepbolepis(90.7%)and 1% salicylic acid smoke agent against B.laricina(74.2%)are better.The control effects of 5% salicylic acid smoke agent against M.larici-lepbolepis and B.laricina in the large-area stand are 80.77% and 53.86%,respectively.