海南省香草兰种植园土壤养分状况研究

对海南省香草兰主要种植区的香草兰园0～20 cm的土壤样品进行了测试分析。结果表明：全省有79.31％的香草兰土壤偏酸，不适宜香草兰生长；有31.03％的植地有机质含量偏低，土壤速效P、K、N缺乏的植地分别占79.31％、48.28％和27.59％；中量元素Ca、Mg缺乏分别为96.55％和100％；有10.34％的植地缺Cu，分别有100％、96.55％、55.18％、96.55％的植地有效Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn高量，100％的植地缺B。建议增施有机肥，加大对磷、钙、镁肥的施用，合理增施氮肥、钾肥；合理施用微肥，特别是增加硼肥，以满足香草兰对微量元素的需求，由于香草兰对土壤pH敏感，因此各种植园应合理施用石灰以改良土壤酸度。政府和农业科技部门应重视宣传和加大平衡施肥技术的推广。

Profile of The Soil Nutrients in Vanilla Plantations of Hainan Province

Top soil samples(0～20cm) from the main vanilla plantations in Hainan Province were analysed. The results showed that pH values in 79.31％ orchards were unsuitable for vanilla growth, and soil organic matter in 31.03％ plantations were lower, plantations lacked available macro-nutrient P, K and N were 79.31％, 48.28％ and 27.59％, respectively; Plantations lacked available second nutrients Ca and Mg were 96.55％ and 100％, and plantations lacked available micro- nutrients Cu and B were 10.34％and 100％. However, plantations contained excessive available micro-nutrients Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were 100％, 96.55％, 55.18％ and 96.55％, respectively. Therefore, Some scientific and reasonable measurements should be planed, such as, more organic manure, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium fertilizer application, especially, boron fertilizer in order to meet the needs of soil for trace elements. Most plantations should be implemented a reasonable application of lime to soil acidity because of vanilla sensitive to soil pH, and government and agricultural department should pay more attention to propagandize and carry out balanced fertilization investigation.