Effects of different irrigation methods on shedding and yield of cotton |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Water Management, The Research Institute of Rural Services, P.O. Box 35, 26001 Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Department of Water Management, The Research Institute of Rural Services, P.O. Box 75, 63040 Sanliurfa, Turkey;1. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Texas Tech University, Box 42132, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States;2. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1102 EFM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403, United States;3. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 832 W. US Hwy 70, Plainview, TX, 79072, United States;4. Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Box 42122, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States;1. Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Diyarbakir, Turkey;3. KWS Turkish Agricultural Company, Industrial Region, 14. Str., Eskisehir, Turkey;1. South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia;2. The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia;3. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India;4. Formerly South Australian Research and Development Institute Staff, Australia;5. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States;6. The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China;2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China;4. Dept. of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA |
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| Abstract: | In general, cotton is irrigated by surface methods in Turkey although sprinkler and drip irrigation have been suggested as a means of supplying most types of crops with frequent and uniform applications of water, adaptable over a wide range of topographic and soil conditions. Recently, sprinkler irrigation systems have been introduced for cotton as a result of increased pressure to develop new irrigation technology suited to limited water supply as well as to specific topographic and soil conditions. In this study, the effects of three different irrigation methods (furrow, sprinkler and drip) on seed-cotton yield, shedding ratio and certain yield components are presented. The research was carried out in The Southeastern Anatolia Region (GAP) of Turkey from 1991 to 1994. The maximum cotton yields were 4380, 3630 and 3380 kg/ha for drip, furrow and sprinkler irrigation, respectively. Drip irrigation produced 21% more seed-cotton than the furrow method and 30% more than the sprinkler method. Water use efficiencies (WUE) proved to be 4.87, 3.87 and 2.36 kg/ha/mm for drip, furrow and sprinkler, respectively. Shedding ratios ranged from 50.8 to 59.0% (furrow), 52.9 to 64.8% (sprinkler), 50.8 to 56.8% (drip), depending on the amount of water applied. The shedding ratio for sprinkler irrigation was significantly higher than that of either furrow (P=0.10) or drip irrigation (P=0.05), resulting in lower seed-cotton yield for sprinkler irrigation. For all methods, a quadratic relationship was found between the amount of water applied and shedding ratios, with the least shedding occurring between 1000 and 1500 mm of water. Both limited and over-irrigation increased the shedding ratio for all methods. Accordingly, a lower boll number per plant and a lower seed-cotton yield were obtained from sprinkler-irrigated cotton; a significantly decreasing linear relationship between the shedding ratio and the total cotton yield and boll number per plant. |
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